The MMWR series of publications is published by the Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA 30333.

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Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) : Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) : Quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine : recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 18-30, 2009. The information in this report updates the 2006 Guidelines for Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (MMWR 2006;55[No. RR-11]). Included in these updated guidelines is new information regarding 1) the expanded diagnostic evaluation for cervicitis and trichomoniasis; 2) new treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis and genital warts; 3) the clinical efficacy of azithromycin for chlamydial infections in pregnancy; 4) the role of Mycoplasma genitalium and trichomoniasis in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment-related implications; 5) lymphogranuloma venereum proctocolitis among men who have sex with men; 6) the criteria for spinal fluid examination to evaluate for neurosyphilis; 7) the emergence of azithromycin-resistant Treponema pallidum; 8) the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 9) the sexual transmission of hepatitis C; 10) diagnostic evaluation after sexual assault; and 11) STD prevention approaches.

Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010.

These guidelines for the treatment of persons who have or are at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were updated by CDC after consultation with a group of professionals knowledgeable in the field of STDs who met in Atlanta on April 30-May 2, 2013. The information in this report updates the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010 (MMWR Recomm Rep 2010;59 [No. RR-12]). These updated guidelines discuss 1) alternative treatment regimens for Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 2) the use of nucleic acid amplification tests for the diagnosis of trichomoniasis; 3) alternative treatment options for genital warts; 4) the role of Mycoplasma genitalium in urethritis/cervicitis and treatment-related implications; 5) updated HPV vaccine recommendations and counseling messages; 6) the management of persons who are transgender; 7) annual testing for hepatitis C in persons with HIV infection; 8) updated recommendations for diagnostic evaluation of urethritis; and 9) retesting to detect repeat infection. Physicians and other health-care providers can use these guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of STDs.

Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.

https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140-6736(09)61248-4.pdf

Efficacy of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16/18 AS04-adjuvanted vaccine against cervical infection and precancer caused by oncogenic HPV types (PATRICIA): final analysis of a double-blind, randomised study in young women.

Background and Objectives: Public health laboratories are a critical component of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control in the United States. Goal: The goal of this study was to describe the types and volume of STD tests performed in U.S. public health laboratories in 2000. Study Design: A survey was mailed to 123 members of the Association of Public Health Laboratories. Results: Eighty-one percent of 100 laboratories responded. Overall, 3,294,739 chlamydia tests and 3,088,142 gonorrhea tests were done; 62.4% of chlamydia tests and 63.6% of gonorrhea tests were DNA probes. Fifty-six percent of laboratories performed rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests and 55% performed Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) tests; the number of RPR tests performed was twice that of VDRL tests. Few laboratories used new technologies for bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis. Eighteen percent of laboratories performed herpes simplex virus serology; however, most used inaccurate tests. No laboratories performed human papillomavirus tests. Conclusions: This survey documents for the first time STD tests performed in U.S. public health laboratories.

Laboratory Tests Used in U.S. Public Health Laboratories for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2000

To investigate national trends in genital herpes infections, we analyzed data collected by the National Disease and Therapeutic Index survey from 1966 to 1984. The number of private physician-patient consultations for symptomatic genital herpes increased 15-fold during this period. The number of patient visits for newly diagnosed infections increased 8.8-fold. Women aged 20-24 years and men aged 25-29 years were more likely to consult a private physician for genital herpes than were patients in other age brackets. Our analysis suggests that the incidence of genital herpes infections among patients visiting private practitioners is increasing nationally. Additionally, to establish the magnitude and distribution of neonatal herpes infections, we initiated a nationwide pilot reporting system. The analysis, in progress, should provide clues to prevention of this devastating disease.

Epidemiology of genital herpes infections in the United States. The current situation

Using contraception has two main benefits: prevention of unplanned pregnancy and protection against reproductive tract infections (RTIs)1–4 But technology development, policy emphasis, and service delivery have focused almost solely on preventing pregnancy, with little attention paid to reducing RTIs Abstinence from sexual intercourse provides nearly absolute protection against both outcomes For those choosing to be sexually active, contraception reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of either pregnancy or RTIs Unfortunately, the contraceptives with the best record for pregnancy prevention provide minimal RTI protection Some contraceptives may even raise the risk of certain infections Thus, decisions about contraception by individuals, communities, and policymakers should involve balancing the relative need to prevent both RTIs and unplanned pregnancy

Family Planning: The Responsibility to Prevent Both Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections

Avoiding sexually transmitted diseases.

Oral acyclovir has been used successfully to treat and prevent symptomatic episodes of genital herpes simplex virus infection. Daily suppressive therapy has proven to be safe and effective when used continuously for periods as long as 4 years. Several new regimens have been shown to be effective and are likely to be more convenient for patients than previous schedules. In vitro resistance to acyclovir does not appear to be associated with clinical failure of treatment in immunocompetent hosts, but available data are limited and concerns remain. Failure of treatment in cases due to acyclovir-resistant strains has been reported in immunocompromised patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The safety of acyclovir use by pregnant women has not been established. The value of acyclovir for the prevention of mucocutaneous ulcerations in asymptomatic persons or for the prevention of primary infections is unknown. Judicious use of acyclovir only by persons with clinically apparent infections is warranted at the present time.

Katherine M. Stone

Papers

Laboratory Tests Used in U.S. Public Health Laboratories for Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 2000

Epidemiology of genital herpes infections in the United States. The current situation

Family Planning: The Responsibility to Prevent Both Pregnancy and Reproductive Tract Infections

Avoiding sexually transmitted diseases.

Treatment of Genital Herpes