Showing papers by "Kathleen Daly published in 2000"

Restorative justice in diverse and unequal societies

Abstract: Daly considers the role that restorative justice may play in unequal societies, with a focus on racial and ethnic inequalities. The literature that has emerged around restorative justice often claims that restorative justice delivers more effective justice, partly because it offers community members and organisations a far wider role than conventional courthouse justice. Daly argues that restorative justice may have the potential to do so if properly resourced and linked to offences that are susceptible to imprisonment. However, she also warns that in extending and developing programs of this kind, we should be careful not to assume equality of outcomes from equality of treatment, and advocates a form of restorative justice directed to relations of group inequality as well as individual criminality.

Low Cord Blood Type 14 Pneumococcal IgG1 but Not IgG2 Antibody Predicts Early Infant Otitis Media

Abstract: Otitis media (OM) is a common illness in young children, with the highest prevalence among children !2 years old. Children who develop OM within the first 6 months of life (early OM) are more likely to develop recurrent OM and chronic OM with effusion [1]. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the middle ear bacterial pathogen involved most frequently in acute OM (AOM) [2], and IgG antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae are known to be protective of the middle ear [3]. However, recently reported clinical trials show that administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to infants is not likely to reduce appreciably the overall burden of early OM [4, 5]. Administration of pneumococcal vaccine during pregnancy is a possible method of protecting infants from early OM. In another study, we reported that infants with cord blood concentrations of type-specific pneumococcal polysaccharide IgG antibody in the lowest distribution quartile had significantly earlier episodes of OM than did infants with higher concentrations of antibody [6]. In this study, we tested cord blood from our prior study for IgG1 and IgG2 subclass antibodies to types 14 and 19F polysaccharide, to better understand the role of transplacental antibody subclass on the risk of developing early OM. Correlation of the anti‐polysaccharide IgG cord blood subclasses with early OM risk could influence the selection of a maternal pneumococcal vaccine.