「脆弱性(Vulnerability)」とは何か

Book Review: Transforming Disability into Ability. Policies to Promote Work and Income Security for Disabled People

From intention to action: How do personal attitudes, facilities accessibility, and government stimulus matter for household waste sorting?

Strategy development in the framework of waste management.

Productivity catching-up among countries has been an important topic of interest for many researchers. In particular, one is willing to see how the productivity of countries evolves over time and how exogenous factors may influence the process. Many studies have analyzed the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on catching-up over time, many by using restrictive parametric models. We use an appropriate nonparametric two-step approach on conditional efficiencies to investigate how FDI and time affect the process. By using a dataset of 44 countries over 1970-2007, we explore the channels under which FDI fosters productivity by disentangling the impact of this factor on production process and its components: impact on the attainable production set (input-output space), and the impact on the distribution of efficiencies. We extend existing methodological tools - conditional nonparametric efficiency measures - to examine these interrelationships. We emphasize the usefulness of smoothing over time to better analyze the potential dynamic influence of FDI on efficiency. We find that both FDI and time play an important role as influencing efficiency distribution and affecting, to a smaller extend, the production set. This effect of FDI does not seem to vary much over time. By the second stage nonparametric regression of the conditional efficiencies over FDI and time we identify clearly effect of time and FDI on conditional efficiency and we determine idiosyncratic efficiency, which represents ”Solow residual”, measured by looking to the unexplained part of the conditional efficiencies. By doing so, we are able to rank the productivity of countries at each time period, or on the average, when facing different environmental conditions.

Effect of FDI and Time on Catching-up: New Insights from a Conditional Nonparametric Frontier Analysis

Agriculture, climate change and sustainability: The case of EU-28

Waste management performance in Italian provinces: Efficiency and spatial effects of local governments and citizen action

Tourism and disability in Italy. Limits and opportunities

The separate collection of individual recyclable waste materials is the basis for any recycling process. This produces important advantages, especially in terms of resource savings. This paper investigates the drivers of the separate collection process of recyclable materials (i.e., organic, paper, glass, plastic) and its total in the 103 Italian provinces (NUTS-3), in the years 2004–2011. Results show that the pillars of institutional quality (such as, voice and accountability, rule of law and regulatory quality), value added per capita and participation to ecological associations are important factors for an effective implementation of the waste separation process. In particular, these factors do matter for an effective collection of organic waste, paper, glass and plastic. Furthermore, the analysis shows marked differences among macro-areas (North, Central and Southern Italy). Policy considerations are discussed.

The separate collection of recyclable waste materials as a flywheel for the circular economy: the role of institutional quality and socio-economic factors

This article examines the Italian policy framework on the employment of disabled people. It discusses the strengths and limitations of Law 68 of 12 March 1999 (Regulation on the right to work of disabled people). Despite it having been enacted 16 years after being passed, Law 68/99 still faces problems in its implementation. The data analysis shows the propensity of firms to flout their obligations with regard to the recruitment of disabled people, preferring instead the risk of being sanctioned. In order for Law 68/99 to have a positive effect on the employment of disabled people, higher incentives (including subsidies for labour costs) must be introduced for employers, especially to enable the adaptation and adjustment of the workplace. With these inducements, firms would be encouraged to recruit disabled people and avoid penalties. In addition, disability management policies (still rarely implemented in the Italian workplace) and comprehensive training programmes can play a crucial role in overcoming discriminatory constraints regarding skills and physical ability, so as to increase the employability of disabled people in the labour market.

https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BB5AFB61502DB09755DC496A56E51551/S1353294419000140a.pdf/div-class-title-policies-based-on-mandatory-employment-quotas-for-disabled-workers-the-case-of-italy-div.pdf

Katia Marchesano

Papers

Agriculture, climate change and sustainability: The case of EU-28

Waste management performance in Italian provinces: Efficiency and spatial effects of local governments and citizen action

Tourism and disability in Italy. Limits and opportunities

The separate collection of recyclable waste materials as a flywheel for the circular economy: the role of institutional quality and socio-economic factors

Policies based on mandatory employment quotas for disabled workers: the case of Italy