By doping an organic compound functioning as an electron donor (hereinafter referred to as donor molecules) into an organic compound layer contacting a cathode, donor levels can be formed between respective LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) levels between the cathode and the organic compound layer, and therefore electrons can be injected from the cathode, and transmission of the injected electrons can be performed with good efficiency. Further, there are no problems such as excessive energy loss, deterioration of the organic compound layer itself, and the like accompanying electron movement, and therefore an increase in the electron injecting characteristics and a decrease in the driver voltage can both be achieved without depending on the work function of the cathode material.

Light Emitting Device

There is provided a light emitting device which can be made into a small-volume module By using a light emitting element such as an EL element as a pixel section and the pixel section is provided at two different positions of one light emitting device The first pixel section has a pixel section where pixels are arranged in a matrix which is surrounded by a first source signal line drive circuit and a first gate line drive circuit for sending a signal to the first pixel section The second pixel section is composed of passive pixels which are separated from a TFT group constituting the first pixel section, the first source line drive circuit or the first gate line drive circuit by an inter-layer film in the direction from the substrate rear surface to the substrate front surface

Light emitting device and electronic device

It is an object of the present invention to provide a light emitting device which can be made into a module with smaller volume. By using a light emitting element represented by an EL element and the like as a pixel portion, two pixel portions are formed at different portions over the light emitting device. A first pixel portion comprises a plurality of pixels arranged in matrix. In the periphery of the first pixel portion, a first source line driving circuit and a first gate line driving circuit for transmitting signals to the first pixel portion are formed. A second pixel portion is formed of passive pixels, and is segregated from a TFT group which constitutes the first pixel portion, the first source line driving circuit, and the first gate line driving circuit in the direction from the back surface of the substrate to the top surface of the substrate by interposing an interlayer film therebetween.

Light emitting device and electronic equipment

A programmable reference-less oscillator provides a wide range of programmable output frequencies. The programmable reference-less oscillator is implemented on an integrated circuit that includes a free running controllable oscillator circuit such as a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a programmable divider circuit coupled to divide an output of the controllable oscillator circuit according to a programmable divide value. A non-volatile storage stores the programmed divide value and a control word that controls the output of the controllable oscillator circuit. The control word provides a calibration capability to achieve a desired output frequency in conjunction with the programmable divider circuit. Open loop temperature compensation is achieved by adjusting the control word according to a temperature detected by a temperature sensor on the integrated circuit. Additional clock accuracy may be achieved by adjusting the control word for process as well as temperature.

Reference-less clock circuit

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a full transmissive color liquid crystal display device of which both surfaces are utilizable and further luminance sufficient for visual observation is secured and portable information equipment provided with the liquid crystal display device. SOLUTION: The portable information equipment is provided with a liquid crystal panel, a pair of light transmission plates disposed on the front and rear sides of the liquid crystal panel, a pair of light control elements disposed on the front and rear sides of a pair of the light transmission plates and carrying out transition between transmission and reflection characteristics with voltage application, a backlight disposed adjacent to a pair of the light transmission plates, a liquid crystal panel controlling means to control a picture display on the liquid crystal panel, a light control elements controlling means to control exchange between transmission and reflection characteristics of the light control elements with applied voltage control, a backlight controlling means to control turning on/off of the backlight, an open-close detecting means to detect an open or close situation of a casing and a display changeover means to control changeover of display modes by deciding a display mode including a display screen and a picture displaying direction to be used based on the open or close situation of the casing detected with the open-close detecting means. COPYRIGHT: (C)2003,JPO

Double-sided liquid crystal display device and portable information equipment provided with double-sided liquid crystal display device

PURPOSE:To generate a sound of free sound quality by setting the output frequency of a programmable counter for pitch to an integer multiple of the frequency of a target sound, equalizing the number of addresses of a waveform memory to the integer and using a counter having the scale equal to the integer as a waveform counter. CONSTITUTION:This sound generating device is equipped with a scale programmable counter 60 which has its frequency division ratio determined by scale ROM data and divides an oscillation frequency to a frequency N-times as high as that of a note to be outputted, a waveform ROM 61 stores with data obtained by converting one waveform of a sound into a digital value, and an N-scale counter 62 which counts the output of the scale programmable counter 60, and the number of addresses of the waveform ROM 61 is denoted as N. Therefore, waveform data stored in the waveform memory is outputted as the frequency of the target sound. Consequently, the waveform and envelope of the free sound and the strength of the sound are obtained to generate sounds of various quality, and rhythm sounds of different tone can be generated.

Sound generating device

Melody generation circuit

PURPOSE: To optionally select all musical intervals in a wider musical interval range by determining oscillation frequency and a frequency division ratio by a ROM. CONSTITUTION: The musical interval generating circuit is constituted of a NAND circuit 2, a plurality of inverters 3, 4, a resistor 1, a plurality of capacitors 5 to 16, a CR oscillation circuit consisting of a plurality of switches 17 to 28, a frequency dividing flip flop circuit 33, a plurality of programmable counters 30 to 32, a 1st decoder 36 for controlling the switches 17 to 28, a 2nd decoder 34 for controlling the counters 30 to 32, and a ROM 35 for determining the inputs of the decoders 34, 36. One of the capacitors 5 to 16 is selected by a signal read out from the ROM 35 to determine the oscillation frequency of the CR oscillation circuit, the frequency division ratio of the counters 30 to 32 is determined similarly by a signal read out from the ROM 35 and an optional sound interval can be generated from the combination of the oscillation frequency and the frequency division ratio.

Scale generation circuit

PURPOSE:To obtain an easy-to-see display even at distance with simple structure by making analog and digital linear and curved displays. CONSTITUTION:Display parts 1 and 2 are formed linearly to display time with hatched parts. The hatched parts use segments, liquid, gas, electricity, plates, etc., and are displayed differing in brightness, color, etc., from other parts. The display parts 1 and 2 are made circular and hatched parts are changed in state to make displays.

Time display device

PURPOSE: To generate a sound of a desired tone by rewriting each memory data in a device by providing a memory storing a waveform and a shape of an envelope in a sound source. CONSTITUTION: A oscillation circuit 1 is constituted with a CR oscillation circuit, a crystal oscillation circuit, or an oscillation circuit of a ceramic vibrator, oscillates an objective frequency, and inputs a signal having a oscillation frequency to sound sources 3-5 and a rhythm sound generation circuit 6. And the circuit 1 inputs a signal having a frequency to which an oscillation frequency is divided by 1/M to a control circuit and a rhythm sound generation circuit 6. And the circuit 1 mixes analog voltage of sound from plural sound sources and analog voltage of a rhythm sound in a mixer circuit 7 and generates analog voltage of a sound output finally. A sine wave, rectangular wave and sawtooth wave are stored in a waveform ROM 61 of three sound sources 3-6, and a trapezoidal wave shape and triangle wave shape are stored in an envelope ROM 55. Thereby, various tones can be generated by storing waveforms and envelopes of the sounds of musical instruments in the ROM 61 and ROM 55.

Katsui Masami

Papers

Sound generating device

Melody generation circuit

Scale generation circuit

Time display device

Sound signal generation device, sound signal generation method, and musical sound generation device including same