A literature review is presented regarding the synthesis, and physicochemical, chemical, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)(PLA). Poly(lactic acid) exists as a polymeric helix, with an orthorhombic unit cell. The tensile properties of PLA can vary widely, depending on whether or not it is annealed or oriented or what its degree of crystallinity is. Also discussed are the effects of processing on PLA. Crystallization and crystallization kinetics of PLA are also investigated. Solution and melt rheology of PLA is also discussed. Four different power-law equations and 14 different Mark–Houwink equations are presented for PLA. Nuclear magnetic resonance, UV–VIS, and FTIR spectroscopy of PLA are briefly discussed. Finally, research conducted on starch–PLA composites is introduced.

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A Literature Review of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Processing technologies for poly(lactic acid)

An overview of the recent developments in polylactide (PLA) research.

Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers

Radical addition-fragmentation chemistry in polymer synthesis

Role of oxygen in polymerization reactions

Introduction T metal oxides (TMO) like Fe2O3, CuO, MnO2, CuCr2O4, etc., form a very popular group of catalysts for burning rate modification of composite solid propellants. Although it is well known that these oxides affect the decomposition characteristics of polymers and oxidizers like ammonium perchlorate (AP)' and potassium perchlorate, (KP) the exact mechanism of the effect on solid propellants is by no means clear even today. Much fragmentary literature is available on the effect of these oxides on propellant burning and decomposition, oxidizer burning and decomposition, and sandwich and condensed mixture combustion. It is the purpose of this review to bring the material together so that a comprehensive picture can be drawn of the mechanism of the action of these catalysts. It may be mentioned here that these oxides also catalyze hydrocarbon oxidation reactions by inducing free radical decomposition of hydroperoxides (formed by the contact of oxidizer and hydrocarbon).

Effect of Transition Metal Oxides on Decomposition and Deflagration of Composite Solid Propellant Systems: A Survey

Flame retardant polyphosphate esters: 2. Condensation polymers of bisphenol A with alkyl phosphorodichloridates: synthesis, characterization and thermal studies

A new class of photo-cross-linkable main-chain liquid crystalline polymers (PMCLCPs)
containing bis(benzylidene)cycloallranone groups have been synthesized and studied for their liquid crystalline
and photochemical properties. The bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanone group in the chain functions both as a
mesogen and as a photoreactive center. All of the polymers exhibit a nematic mesophase. Two kinds of
photoreactions, namely, photoisomerization and photo-cross-linking, operate in these polymers. Above Tu
at the initial stages of irradiation, photoisomerization predominates the cross-linking, which resulta in the
disruption of the chromophore aggregates. Below T8, because of the restricted mobility of the chains, only
cross-linking takes place. Studies on the model compound, bis(benzylidene)cyclopentanone, confii the
above observations and demonstrate further that the cross-linking proceeds by the 2r + 2r cycloaddition
reaction of the bis(benzylidene)cycloallranone moieties. The cross-linking rate decreases with increase in the
size of the cycloalkanone ring. Heating the solution cast polymer fii results in the ordered aggregation of
the chromophores just above TI and also at the crystal to crystal transition temperature, which facilitates
the phobcross-linking reactions. In the isotropic phase, the random orientation of the chromophores drastically
curtails the cross-linking rata

Kaushal Kishore

Papers

Role of oxygen in polymerization reactions

Effect of Transition Metal Oxides on Decomposition and Deflagration of Composite Solid Propellant Systems: A Survey

Flame retardant polyphosphate esters: 2. Condensation polymers of bisphenol A with alkyl phosphorodichloridates: synthesis, characterization and thermal studies

Novel photocrosslinkable liquid-crystalline polymers: poly[bis(benzylidene)] esters

Synthesis and characterization of photo-crosslinkable main-chain liquid-crystalline polymers containing bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanone units