A hydrogen and natural gas fuel mixture for internal combustion engines is provided for vehicle engines such as those used in standard production engines for automobiles, trains and lawn mowers The gaseous fuel for operating a vehicle combustion engines includes approximately 21 to 50% Hydrogen and the rest natural gas constituents such as combinations of Methane, Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen, Ethane, Propane, Iso-Butane, N-Butane, Iso Pentane, N-Pentane, and Hexanes Plus A fuel mixture of approximately 28 to 36 percent Hydrogen and a air fuel equivalence ratio of approximately 0625 is an extreme lean burn condition that yields hydrocarbon emission levels of less than approximately 104 ppm (084 hm/hp hr) Current internal combustion engines that are in mass production can take this alternative fuel without any substantial modifications to their systems This alternative fuel is lean burning and emits emissions that are below current legal standards The novel fuel mixture can be used in internal combustion engines for automobiles, lawnmowers, and trains A control system for allowing the internal combustion engines to operate at extreme lean burn conditions is also provided for use with both a carburetor and fuel injection system For a carburetor system, a secondary demand regulator system can kick in when a throttle is wide open and will allow additional fuel to pass through the system to meet instantaneous power demands such that occur when full throttle depression is insufficient for severe grade climbing, expressway merging, passing and the like The fuel injection system can also be programed with a control algorithm that will select air fuel ratios The computer control can increase fuel with respect to air when the throttle reaches a selected point of travel The computer control can also dynamically change the hydrogen and natural gas fuel mixture ratio dynamically while the vehicle is being operated based on engine power demands and emissions

Hydrogen enriched natural gas as a motor fuel with variable air fuel ratio and fuel mixture ratio control

A process for operating an internal combustion heat engine which comprises the steps of thermochemically regenerating waste heat rejected by the heat engine by reacting at least one conventional fuel compound containing hydrogen and carbon with an oxygen donor using substantial quantities of the waste heat to produce a mixture of engine-fuel containing substantial quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and utilizing the mixture of engine-fuel to operate an internal combustion engine.

Method and apparatus for improved operation of internal combustion engines

A process for performing energy conversion that converts pressure energy to produce expansive work in one or more devices selected from the group including a reversible fuel cell, expansion motor, and heat releasing combustor.

Pressure energy conversion systems

NO x emissions from an internal combustion engine fueled by a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel can be reduced by catalytically producing a hydrogen and carbon monoxide fuel gas stream from the gaseous hydrocarbon fuel and a portion of the hot exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, ammonia is also produced catalytically by reacting a portion of the hydrogen produced with ambient nitrogen present in the exhaust gas. The ammonia produced is used in connection with a selective catalytic reduction reactor to treat the remaining hot exhaust gas produced from the internal combustion engine, resulting in a treated exhaust gas stream having near-zero NO x emissions.

Internal combustion engine with scr and integrated ammonia production

An internal combustion engine equipped with a fuel reforming system is provided. By the system, fuel (hydrocarbon fuel) is gasified by an evaporator by using an exhaust heat. A mixture of a gas (hydrocarbon gas and water vapor) from an evaporator and air is supplied to a reforming device to reform fuel by a water vapor reformation reaction and a partial oxidation reaction. A reformed gas mixture from the reforming device is supplied to a cooling device to be cooled. By this, the hydrocarbon gas kept unreformed is condensed into a high octane liquid fuel and separated from the reformed gas. The reformed gas is stored in a tank and supplied to an engine by means of a gas fuel injector at a partial load engine operating condition. The high octane liquid fuel is stored in a tank and supplied to the engine by a liquid fuel injector at a high load engine operating condition.

Internal combustion engine equipped with fuel reforming system

A method of operating an internal combustion engine with a combustible gas which comprises the steps of: transforming a refined product of crude oil into a combustible gas in a gas generator by admitting said refined product into said gas generator with 60-120 % of the stoichiometric volume of oxygen needed to oxidize said refined product under the partial oxidation conditions of 400˜800°C with a space velocity ranging from 5000˜50,000 V/VC × hr.sup.-1 ; passing the combustible gas produced to an internal combustion engine to start and operate said internal combustion engine; and discharging the exhaust gases from said internal combustion engine.

Method for producing a combustible gas by partial oxidation for use in internal combustion engines

Vehicle-mounted gaseous fuel generator consisting of a primary heat-exchange chamber holding coiled pipes for separately preheating a liquid hydrocarbon and water, a secondary heat-exchange chamber similarly equipped with coiled pipes utilizing the heat of the engine exhaust to heat and vaporize each of the fuel materials which have been preheated in the primary heat-exchange chamber, a reaction-reforming chamber composed of an outer reaction chamber for blending the hydrocarbon vaporized in the secondary heat exchange chamber with air for partial oxidation and an inner steam-reforming catalyst layer through which the combined flow of the partially oxidized gas and the vaporized water is passed to be transformed into an inflammable gas, and an apparatus for collecting the inflammable gas in a gas-collector and transmitting it via the primary heat-exchange chamber to the carburetor of the engine.

Vehicle-mounted gaseous fuel generator

Method and equipment for control of an internal combustion engine with a fuel-reforming device wherein air passing through the fuel-reforming device is mechanically controlled depending on the volume of air to be sucked into the engine without passing through the fuel-reforming device and is supplied into the air not passing through the fuel-reforming device, upstream of a throttle valve by means of an air pump; the total air volume sucked into the engine is detected; and the volume of fuel matching the total air volume is electrically controlled so that it can be supplied upstream of the fuel-reforming device into the air passing through the fuel-reforming device, and if necessary, also into the air not passing through the fuel-reforming device.

Method and equipment for control of internal combustion engine with fuel-reforming device

Internal combustion engine having fuel modifier

The Japanese government has set an overseas infrastructure deployment policy to involve Japanese companies in all upstream to downstream processes, that is, from project formation, procurement, and construction to operation and maintenance. Although Japanese companies have been hitherto involved in overseas port development through Official Development Assistance, their entry into overseas port operation projects has been limited, meaning the realization of the policy is not expected to be easy. This study thus examines the possibility of sustainable entry into overseas port operation markets by Japanese companies. Specifically, we review port governance in Japan, characteristics of the Japanese market in the global market, and the status of the participation of domestic terminal operators in Japan and overseas, and then identify the possibilities and methods of sustainable inclusion in the future overseas port operations by interviewing representative companies and the government. We finally provide future directions in terms of both increasing entry opportunities and improving the entry environment.

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Kazuhiko Ishiguro

Papers

Method for producing a combustible gas by partial oxidation for use in internal combustion engines

Vehicle-mounted gaseous fuel generator

Method and equipment for control of internal combustion engine with fuel-reforming device

Internal combustion engine having fuel modifier

Possibility of Sustainable Entry into Overseas Port Operation Markets by Japanese Companies