Advanced polyimide materials: Syntheses, physical properties and applications

An object of the present invention is to provide a charging member in which a toner, an additive for use in the toner, or the like is hard to adhere to the surface even under repeated use for a long time, and hence the charging and image output are made stable for a long time even if the charging member is used in the DC contact charging method, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member. The present invention provides a charging member comprising a support, a conductive elastic layer formed on the support, and a surface layer formed on the conductive elastic layer, characterized in that the surface layer contains a polysiloxane having a fluoroalkyl group and an oxyalkylene group, and a process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus having the charging member.

Charging member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

Preparation and thermal degradation behavior of room temperature vulcanized silicone rubber-g-polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes

Over the past two decades, organic optoelectronic materials have been considered very promising. The attractiveness of this group of compounds, regardless of their undisputable application potential, lies in the possibility of their use in the construction of organic⁻inorganic hybrid materials. This class of frameworks also considers nanostructural polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) with "organic coronae" and precisely defined organic architectures between dispersed rigid silica cores. A significant number of papers on the design and development of POSS-based organic optoelectronic as well as photoluminescent (PL) materials have been published recently. In view of the scientific literature abounding with numerous examples of their application (i.e., as OLEDs), the aim of this review is to present efficient synthetic pathways leading to the formation of nanocomposite materials based on silsesquioxane systems that contain organic chromophores of complex nature. A summary of stoichiometric and predominantly catalytic methods for these silsesquioxane-based systems to be applied in the construction of photoactive materials or their precursors is given.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/11/3/504/pdf

Synthetic Routes to Silsesquioxane-Based Systems as Photoactive Materials and Their Precursors

The present invention relates to a compound represented by Formula (1) and a polymer obtained using the compound: 
wherein R 1 is phenyl which may have substituents, Q 1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl or phenyl in which optional hydrogen may be replaced by halogen or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 
and Q 2 is a group represented by Formula (2) wherein the code < represents a bonding point with silicon, l, m, n and p are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, A 1 to A 4 are independently a single bond, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-cyclohexenylene, a condensed ring group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms which is a divalent group, or 1,4-phenylene, Z 0 to Z 3 are independently a single bond, —CH═CR—, —C≡C—, —COO—, —OCO—, or alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and Z 4 is a single bond, —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —COO—, —OCO—, or alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. And Y 1 in Formula (1) is the group defined in Claim 1.

Compound having silsesquioxane skeleton and its polymer

The invention relates to silsesquioxane derivatives and a process for production thereof. Completely condensed silsesquioxane derivatives of the general formula (1), to which functional groups can be easily introduced, are produced by the use of incompletely condensed silsesquioxane derivatives of the general formula (2) which are each composed of a cage-type silsesquioxane having eight silicon atoms and four alkali metal atoms bonded thereto.

Silsesquioxane derivatives and process for production thereof

The present invention discloses a process for producing a polyorganosiloxane, which comprises adding an organochlorosilane to a uniform mixture comprising water and at least one kind of alcohol, to subject the organochlorosilane to a hydrolysis and condensation reaction. The organochlorosilane is preferably one represented by the following formula (1): R.sup.1 --Si(Cl).sub.3 (1) wherein R 1 is a C 1-30 straight chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a C 1-30 branched chain saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a phenyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a C 3-15 halogenated hydrocarbon group, an acryloxypropyl group or a methacryloxypropyl group.

Process for production of polyorganosiloxane

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a copolymer composition having improved mechanical properties, heat resistance, scratch resistance, and weather resistance and reduced tendency to be stained and nonstickiness by copolymerizing a specified polyorganosiloxane with a radically polymerizable compound SOLUTION: At least one radically-polymerizable-unsaturation-containing organochlorosilane of formula I, a mixture of formulas I and II or a mixture of formula I with formula III [wherein R 1 to R 3 are each a 1-30C linear saturated or radically polymerizable unsaturated hydrocarbon group, a 1-30C branched or cyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an (un)substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a halohydrocarbon group], or a mixture of formulae I, II, and III is added to a linear or branched 1-4C alcohol solvent containing 05-30 mol, per mol of the Si-Cl groups of the organochlorosilane and hydrolytically polymerized to obtain a polyorganosiloxane This polyorganosiloxane is copolymerized with a radically polymerizable compound COPYRIGHT: (C)1999,JPO

Polyorganosiloxane copolymer composition

A novel organic silicon compound and a polysiloxane are disclosed which are useful as an electronic material, optical material, coating material, sealing material, or catalyst support. Such organic silicon compound and polysiloxane can be used as an additive for improving various physical properties of a polymer material such as flame retardance, heat resistance, weather resistance, light resistance, electrical insulation, surface characteristics, hardness, mechanical strength, or chemical resistance. The organic silicon compound is represented by the formula (1) below, and the polysiloxane contains such an organic silicon compound as a monomer.

Organic silicon compound and method for producing same, and polysiloxane and method for producing same

An organic silicon compound, having high reactivity, represented by the following Formula (1): 
wherein R and M are defined in the specification. The organic silicon compound is produced by reacting polysilsesquioxane, which is obtained by hydrolyzing a silane compound having three hydrolyzable groups and represented by the following Formula (2), with a monovalent alkaline metal hydroxide in an organic solvent, or by subjecting the silane compound having three hydrolyzable groups to hydrolysis and polycondensation in the presence of an organic solvent and an alkaline metal hydroxide:
 R—Si X 3   (2) 
wherein R is the same as in Formula (1) and X represents a hydrolyzable group.

Kazuhiro Yoshida

Papers

Silsesquioxane derivatives and process for production thereof

Process for production of polyorganosiloxane

Polyorganosiloxane copolymer composition

Organic silicon compound and method for producing same, and polysiloxane and method for producing same

Silicon compounds and process for preparation thereof