In various embodiments, the invention provides a clock generator and/or a timing and frequency reference, with multiple operating modes, such power conservation, clock, reference, and pulsed modes. The various apparatus embodiments include a resonator adapted to provide a first signal having a resonant frequency; an amplifier; a temperature compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to temperature; and a process variation compensator adapted to modify the resonant frequency in response to fabrication process variation. In addition, the various embodiments may also include a frequency divider adapted to divide the first signal having the resonant frequency into a plurality of second signals having a corresponding plurality of frequencies substantially equal to or lower than the resonant frequency; and a frequency selector adapted to provide an output signal from the plurality of second signals. The output signal may be provided in any of various forms, such as differential or single-ended, and substantially square-wave or sinusoidal.

Monolithic Clock Generator and Timing/Frequency Reference

A disposable absorbent article having at least one deployable belt strip. The belt strip has a fixed end portion disposed in one of the waist regions and opposing first and second edges connecting the fixed end portion and an opposing free end portion. The belt strip is attached in the fixed end portion and is deployed by being folded laterally outward such that the first edge extends laterally outward from one end point of a diagonal fold line and the second edge extends laterally outward from the opposing end point of the diagonal fold line. The belt strip may be tied to another belt strip or may be fastened to the waist region of the article or to another belt strip.

Disposable absorbent article having deployable belt strips

A clock oscillator embedded in an integrated circuit, including a piezoelectric resonator formed on the integrated circuit; a clock generator coupled to the on-chip piezoelectric resonator, one or more sensors adapted to sense one or more environmental parameters affecting the piezoelectric resonator; and a processor coupled to the clock generator and the one or more sensors to adjust the frequency of the clock generator based on the one or more environmental parameters.

Integrated CMOS high precision piezo-electrically driven clock

A method for manufacturing a piezoelectric oscillator. The method having the step of preparing a master substrate partitioned into plural substrate regions. Mounting on each of the substrate regions a piezoelectric vibrator and an IC for controlling an oscillation output of the piezoelectric vibrator. The master substrate is then divided into individual substrate regions by cutting the master substrate on the outside circumferences of the individual substrate regions, thereby obtaining a plurality of piezoelectric oscillators.

Method for manufacturing a piezoelectric oscillator

A method and apparatus of temperature compensation for an integrated circuit using on-chip circuits, sensors, and a calibration algorithm. The chip includes an on-chip reference circuit (12), an on-chip sensor (26) measuring a parameter relative to the reference, and an on-chip computation means (18) for processing an algorithm. A supplemental off-chip reference circuit (16) is also used. The algorithm carries out the following steps: (A) performing a first calibration of an internal reference residing in an integrated circuit system on-chip at a first (higher) temperature at a first testing site, and (B) utilizing calibration data obtained at the step (A) to perform a second calibration of the internal reference source residing on the integrated system on-chip at a second (lower) temperature at a second testing site.

Method and apparatus of temperature compensation for integrated circuit chip using on-chip sensor and computation means

A temperature compensated piezoelectric oscillator includes: an oscillation circuit that drives a piezoelectric element with a current; a direct-current-stopping fixed capacitor; a frequency-temperature compensated circuit that compensates the deviation of an oscillation frequency caused by a change of temperature; and a piezoelectric transducer which includes a piezoelectric element driven in a prescribed frequency; where the above elements are connected serially; wherein the frequency-temperature compensated circuit includes a temperature compensation voltage generation section which generates a voltage based on a parameter that is changed in a temperature detection unit, in which the parameter changes according to the surrounding temperature; wherein the temperature compensation voltage generation section includes: a low-temperature control voltage generation section which generates a voltage that compensates a temperature characteristic of the piezoelectric element in a low temperature, where "low" indicates temperatures lower than a common temperature in the temperature characteristic of the piezoelectric element; and a high-temperature control voltage generation section which generates a voltage that compensates the temperature characteristic of the piezoelectric element in a high temperature, where "high" indicates temperatures higher than a common temperature in the temperature characteristic of the piezoelectric element; wherein the low-temperature control voltage generation section includes: a low-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit which generates the voltage that linearly changes with temperature; a low-temperature high-degree voltage generation circuit which generates the voltage that behaves like a high degree function in a low temperature state of the voltage generated by the low-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit; and a low-temperature voltage composite circuit which synthesizes voltages generated by the low-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit and the low-temperature high-degree voltage generation circuit; and wherein the high-temperature control voltage generation section includes: a high-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit which generates the voltage that linearly changes with temperature; a high-temperature high-degree voltage generation circuit which generates the voltage that behaves like a high degree function in a high temperature state of the voltage generated by the high-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit; and a high-temperature voltage composite circuit which synthesizes voltages generated by the high-temperature first-degree voltage generation circuit and the high-temperature high-degree voltage generation circuit.

Kazunari Ichinose

Papers

Temperature-compensated piezoelectric oscillator