The chemical reduction of graphene oxide is a promising route towards the large scale production of graphene for commercial applications. The current state-of-the-art in graphene oxide reduction, consisting of more than 50 types of reducing agent, will be reviewed from a synthetic chemistry point of view. Emphasis is placed on the techniques, reaction mechanisms and the quality of the produced graphene. The reducing agents are reviewed under two major categories: (i) those which function according to well-supported mechanisms and (ii) those which function according to proposed mechanisms based on knowledge of organic chemistry. This review will serve as a valuable platform to understand the efficiency of these reducing agents for the reduction of graphene oxide.

Chemical reduction of graphene oxide: a synthetic chemistry viewpoint

Crinum alkaloids: their chemistry and biology

Asymmetric synthesis of 3-substituted isoindolinones: application to the total synthesis of (+)-lennoxamine.

Two methods for the synthesis of vaulted biaryls were developed involving the reactions of carbene complexes with alkynes and the [2 + 2] cycloaddition of ketenes The final step in the synthesis of 3,3‘-diphenyl-[2,2‘-binaphthalene]-1,1‘-diol (39) and 2,2‘-diphenyl-[3,3‘-biphenanthrene]-4,4‘-diol (47) (VAPOL) was phenol coupling of the 3-phenyl-1-naphthol (14) and the 2-phenyl-4-phenanthrol (28), respectively The naphthol 14 could be prepared from the thermolysis of phenylacetyl chloride in the presence of phenylacetylene or from the benzannulation of the pentacarbonyl(phenylmethoxymethylene)chromium(0) (15) with phenylacetylene which upon an acetylative workup gives O-acetyl-4-methoxy-2-phenyl-1-naphthol (16) The reductive cleavage of the acetoxy group in 16 was unexpectedly affected by aluminum chloride and ethanethiol which were used to cleave the methyl ether In a similar manner, the phenanthrol 28 could either be prepared from the 1-naphthylacetyl chloride (30) or pentacarbonyl(1-naphthylmethoxym

Synthesis, Resolution, and Determination of Absolute Configuration of a Vaulted 2,2‘-Binaphthol and a Vaulted 3,3‘-Biphenanthrol (VAPOL)

Kinetic and thermodynamic control of L-Threonine aldolase catalyzed reaction and its application to the synthesis of mycestericin D

A combination system of aluminum chloride-sodium iodide-acetonitrile effects aselective demethylation of aliphatic methyl ethers in the presence of aromatic methyl ether.

Selective demethylation of aliphatic methyl ether in the presence of aromatic methyl ether with the aluminum chloride-sodium iodide-acetonitrile system.

A convenient reduction of functionalized polycyclic aromatics into parent hydrocarbons

Reduction de bromo- et iodo-phenols, de bromoanisole bromo-benzeneacetate et -benzoate d'alkyle par le systeme AlCl 3 -ethanethiol dans le dichloromethane

Hard acid and soft nucleophile systems. 8. Reductive dehalogenation of o- and p-halophenols and their derivatives

Oxygen functions and halogens at the peri-carbon atom in polyarenes were reductively removed with the AlCl3-EtSH reagent system to afford the parent polyarenes in high yield. The reaction consists of two steps of reactions involving displacement of a functionality with an alkylthio group followed by reductive removal of the introduced alkylthio moiety. A radical cation induced mechanism for the latter process is proposed on the basis of several observations.

Keiichiro Ohta

Papers

Selective demethylation of aliphatic methyl ether in the presence of aromatic methyl ether with the aluminum chloride-sodium iodide-acetonitrile system.

A convenient reduction of functionalized polycyclic aromatics into parent hydrocarbons

Hard acid and soft nucleophile systems. 8. Reductive dehalogenation of o- and p-halophenols and their derivatives

Hard acid and soft nucleophile system. VII. A convenient reduction of functionalized polyarenes to parent polyarenes.

Hard Acid and Soft Nucleophile System. VI. A Convenient Synthesis of Alkylthiopolycyclic Aromatics with a Metal Halide and Thiol System