A comparative study on normal and high sugary corn genotypes for evaluating enzyme consumption during dry-grind ethanol production

Evaluation of the quality of dried distiller's grains with solubles for normal and high sugary corn genotypes during dry–grind ethanol production

Requirement of costly enzymes (α-amylase and glucoamylase) for converting starch into glucose before fermentation is considered one of the cost increasing factors for corn ethanol. Enzyme consumptions can possibly be reduced during dry-grind ethanol production by increasing free sugar contents in corn kernels that will be released and fermented simultaneously with the product of starch hydrolysis, producing an additional amount of ethanol without consuming any enzyme. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the effect of kernel sugars on enzyme requirement and yields of both hydrolysis and fermentation, using four high sugary corn genotypes (HSGs) and their parent field corns (PFCs). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the genotypes with four enzyme loads (1, 2, 3 and 4 kg MT−1 of dry corn) showed that HSGs produced higher proportions of reducing sugars (RS) in all conditions than PFCs did. Sufficient amounts of RS were produced by HSGs utilizing an enzyme load of 3 kg MT−1, whereas, PFCs consumed 4 kg MT−1 for their best yields. Likewise, HSGs produced higher concentrations of ethanol consuming lower amount of enzymes during fermentation. Therefore, HSGs could be considered as potential feedstocks for enhancing ethanol yield and reducing enzyme consumptions during dry-grind ethanol production.

Evaluation of high sugar containing corn genotypes as viable feedstocks for decreasing enzyme consumption during dry-grind ethanol production

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of recurrent selection on the genetic variability of UENF-14 population after six selections. Two hundred and ten half-sib families were evaluated in two environments in the state of Rio de Janeiro, using incomplete randomized blocks design with treatments arranged in replication within "Sets". There was significant effect for Families within the "Set" (F)/S, proving that there is enough genetic variability to be exploited in the popcorn breeding program of UENF. The significance for the source of variation Environment (E) shows that the environments were distinct enough to promote differences between the evaluated characteristics. It was found that for both characteristics of greatest interest, GY and PE, the magnitude of the additive variance remains with close values in advanced cycles of UENF-14 population, indicating that variability remains, with no evidence of decreases in advanced cycles. This is concluded by the longevity of UENF breeding program.

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Effect of recurrent selection on the variability of the UENF-14 popcorn population

Multivariate analysis is preferred over univariate analysis in plant breeding studies because it can exploit correlated traits and environments, whereas Bayesian analysis provides a natural way to incorporate prior knowledge and inferences that are conditional on the observed data. The objective of this paper is to show how to use multivariate Bayesian analysis for estimating random effects of genotype x environment and genotype x environment x trait combinations, and for computing genotypic and phenotypic correlations among traits and environments. Data were collected from on-farm trials conducted by the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIM-MYT) to evaluate bread and durum wheat lines in the Yaqui Valley of southern Sonora, Mexico, during three crop seasons (2012, 2013, and 2015). The Bayesian multi-trait and multi-environment model with Gibbs sampler provides an analytic solution that can be used as an alternative for analyzing on-farm multiple-trait and multiple-environment data because it allows making parsimonious, precise and simultaneous estimations of random effects, genetic correlations (of traits and environments) and residual correlations of traits. The multivariate Bayesian model successfully fitted three of the four data sets (2012, 2015, and combined cropping seasons), but did not fit well the data of crop season 2013. For three out of five traits under study in this crop season, the correlations between the observed and predicted phenotypic values were lower than 0.6, suggesting that the predicted values were not very close to the observed values.

Multivariate Bayesian Analysis of On-Farm Trials with Multiple-Trait and Multiple-Environment Data

– We investigated the agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes. Super-sweet corn genotypes were backcrossed with regionally adapted field varieties (CIMMYT 8 and Piranao 8). Eight morphological and yield-related traits were evaluated. A significant effect of interaction was observed between the five groups of genotypes (donor parents; super-sweet backcrossed parents; super-sweet intervarietal hybrids; common intervarietal corn hybrids; and field corn populations). Despite the low yield of genotype SH 2 Piranao, the hybrids resulting from interbreeding of the backcrossed parents for the improvement of super-sweet corn were promising. The agronomic performance of the super-sweet parents and their hybrids indicates the possibility of breeding lines with high genetic value to obtain single-cross hybrids and cultivars of super-sweet corn adapted to the northern region of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Key words : Zea mays, super-sweet corn, intervarietal hybrids, heterosis, yield.

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Agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes in the north of Rio de Janeiro

Correlation and path analysis for yield components of supersweet corn In breeding programs, information on the correlation between characters is essential to improve the simultaneous selection of characters. However, the measurement and interpretation of the magnitude of a correlation can lead to mistakes in the selection strategy. The objective of this study was to evaluate, using path analysis, the direct and indirect components between primary production and yield of supersweet corn ear and identify the characteristics that most contribute to ear yield (basic variable). The variables used explained 94.77% of the variance in ear weight (R 2 ). The path analysis showed that only two characters, grain volume (0.2637) and ear volume (0.2536), had a direct effect on production. It appears, therefore, that although the majority of the characters present high correlation estimates, these

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Correlação e análise de trilha para componentes de produção de milho superdoce

The continuous gains in cycles of recurrent selection have raised disagreement among researchers. Two hundred and forty-two full-sib families were obtained from CIMMYT and Piranao populations and evaluated in a simple lattice design in two environments to estimate the response to selection in the 11 th cycle of the UENF reciprocal recurrent selection program. No genotype x environment interaction was observed for most of the traits evaluated, indicating that a single recurrent selection program can be conducted for both sites. The population studied exhibited wide genotypic variability and heritability estimates ranged from 33 to 73%, indicating prospects of selection gain for the following cycles. The predicted genetic gain in yield was 12.90%. It is possible to conclude that the populations studied may be promising for the achievement of new selection cycles, which provides a continuous concentration of favorable alleles and the production of hybrids for the North and Northwest regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

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Response to the selection in the 11th cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection among full-sib families of maize

https://www.essentiaeditora.iff.edu.br/index.php/confict/article/download/3304/1895

Geração e seleção de familias de irmãos completos de milho comum (Zea Mays L.) em um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca assistido por marcadores moleculares

Keila Silva da Cunha

Papers

Agronomic performance of super-sweet corn genotypes in the north of Rio de Janeiro

Correlação e análise de trilha para componentes de produção de milho superdoce

Response to the selection in the 11th cycle of reciprocal recurrent selection among full-sib families of maize

Geração e seleção de familias de irmãos completos de milho comum (Zea Mays L.) em um programa de seleção recorrente recíproca assistido por marcadores moleculares