Advances in electrochemical methods for pollutant remediation, recycling and sensing are reviewed. Additionally, applications of these methods in the drinking water industry, and for disinfection scenarios are discussed. Lastly, new electrode materials for environmental applications are described. In a companion review, photoelectrochemical methods will be discussed.

Electrochemistry and the environment

The nontoxic mushroom Auricularia auricula contains a polysaccharide with anticoagulant activity mediated by antithrombin.

Books, Reviews, and Symposia Proceedings 515R Theory and Optimization 516R Theory 516R Optimization 517R Data Analysis 520R Stationary Phase Classification 520R Retention/Solute-Stationary Phase Interactions 521R Modeling/Peak Characterization/Smoothing 521R Calibration and Curve Fitting 521R Deconvolution 521R Factor Analysis 521R Miscellaneous Fundamental Studies 521R Pharmacological and Biological Applications 522R Normal Phase 522R Reversed-Phase 523R Mobile Phase Studies 524R Stationary-Phase Studies 525R Biopolymer Separations 527R Column Packings 527R Reversed Phase 529R Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography 531R

Liquid chromatography: theory and methodology.

Ion chromatographic separations of phosphorus species: a review.

A method of streamlining and lowering the cost of operation of ion chromatography as well as improving detection limits is disclosed. The apparatus includes chromatographic separating means through which a sample is eluted in an eluent solution including an electrolyte. The apparatus includes suppressor means having a chromatography effluent compartment means separated from a detector effluent compartment means by an ion exchange membrane, forming a chromatography effluent flow channel and a detector effluent channel, respectively. Electrode means are disposed in communication with both flow channels for passing an electric current transverse to the solution that is passing through them. The chromatography effluent flows through the chromatography effluent flow channel of the suppressor and through detector means which detects resolved ionic species therein. The effluent from the detector means is then recycled through the detector effluent flow channel and forms a sump for electrolyte ions passing across the chromatography effluent as well as supplying the water for the electrolysis reaction generating acid (or base) for suppression.

Ion chromatography system using electrochemical suppression and detector effluent recycle

New membrane-based electrolytic suppressor device for suppressed conductivity detection in ion chromatography

Apparatus suitable for generating a high purity, aqueous product stream including one or more selected ionic species and using it as a chromatography eluent, comprises eluent generating means defining a source channel and a product channel, and comprises a permselective ion exchange membrane partitioning said source channel and product channel, said ion exchange membrane including exchangeable ions of the same charge as said selected ionic species and allowing transmembrane passage to ions of the same charge as said exchangeable ions and being resistant to transmembrane passage of ions of the opposite charge, means for applying an electrical potential between said source channel and product channel, chromatographic separating means, conduit means for directing aqueous product stream from said product channel to said chromatographic separation means, and means for supplying a liquid sample to said chromatographic separating means.

Method and apparatus for generating a high purity chromatography eluent

A membrane-based electrochemical approach for the in situ production of ultrapure ionic substances has been developed. This is illustrated with specific reference to the production of NaOH solutions and their use in ion chromatography. Two basic types of generators are described. In the first, a current-efficient single-membrane device generates a stream of NaOH and H 2 . This stream is degassed by a membrane-degasser en route to the chromatographic pump. In the second type, multiple membranes are used and the product NaOH channel does not contain gas. The product purity is excellent ― an electrodialytic membrane suppressor (EMS) produces a typical exchanged conductance of 340±40 nS/cm for 0-175 mM NaOH

Keith A. Friedman

Papers

New membrane-based electrolytic suppressor device for suppressed conductivity detection in ion chromatography

Ion chromatography system using electrochemical suppression and detector effluent recycle

Method and apparatus for generating a high purity chromatography eluent

Electrodialytic eluent production and gradient generation in ion chromatography