Dipping my toe into the water of educational research, I have recently used Likert-type rating scales to measure student views on various educational interventions. Likert scales are commonly used to measure attitude, providing a range of responses to a given question or statement . Typically, there are 5 categories of response, from (for example) 1 1⁄4 strongly disagree to 5 1⁄4 strongly agree, although there are arguments in favour of scales with 7 or with an even number of response categories.

/pdf/likert-scales-how-to-ab-use-them-au0z1nbrlb.pdf

Likert scales: how to (ab)use them

Techniques and principles in language teaching , Techniques and principles in language teaching , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

Techniques and principles in language teaching

Doing your research project , Doing your research project , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی

Doing Your Research Project

https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/9393.pdf

Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources

Study objective: The aim of this paper is to systematically review and analyse the validity and reliability of Antonovsky’s life orientation questionnaire/sense of coherence scale (SOC). Design: The study is descriptive and analytical with a systematic integration of the contemporary knowledge base on the salutogenic research published 1992–2003. The review includes 458 scientific publications and 13 doctoral theses. Setting: Worldwide, based on postgraduate scientific publications in eight authorised databases, doctoral theses, and available books. Main results: The SOC questionnaire has been used in at least 33 languages in 32 countries with at least 15 different versions of the questionnaire. In 124 studies using SOC-29 the Cronbach’s α ranges from 0.70 to 0.95. The α values in 127 studies using SOC-13 range from 0.70 to 0.92, and in 60 studies using a modified SOC scale range from 0.35 to 0.91. Test-retest correlation show stability and range from 0.69 to 0.78 (1 year), 0.64 (3 years), 0.42 to 0.45 (4 years), 0.59 to 0.67 (5 years) to 0.54 (10 years). The means of SOC-29 range 100.50 (SD 28.50) to 164.50 (SD 17.10) points and SOC-13 from 35.39 (SD 0.10) to 77.60 (SD 13.80) points. After 10 years SOC seems to be comparatively stable, but not as stable as Antonovsky initially assumed. SOC tends to increase with age. The factorial structure of SOC seems rather to be multidimensional than unidimensional. SOC predicts a positive outcome in a long term perspective, although there are divergent findings reported. The SOC scale seems to be a reliable, valid, and cross culturally applicable instrument measuring how people manage stressful situations and stay well.

https://jech.bmj.com/content/jech/59/6/460.full.pdf

Validity of Antonovsky’s sense of coherence scale: a systematic review

Part One: The Context Of Educational Research Part Two: Planning Educational Research Part Three: Styles Of Educational Research Part Four: Strategies And Instruments For Data Collection And Researching Part Five: Data Analysis

Research Methods in Education

Research methods in education, 6th ed.

A Guide to Teaching Practice is the major standard text for all students on initial teacher training courses in the UK.Authoritative yet accessible, it covers the important basic skills and issues that students need to consider during their practice, such as planning, classroom organization, behaviour management and assessment. The book's focus on the quality of teaching and learning and consideration of the latest regulations and guidelines ensures that it fits comfortably within TTA and OfSTED frameworks.In addition, comprehensively revised and fully updated, this fifth edition features brand new chapters on the foundation stage, legal issues, learning and teaching and using ICT in the classroom, as well as new material on numeracy, literacy, children's rights, progress files and gifted and talented children.This book is the most respected and widely used textbook for initial teacher training courses and will be an essential resource for any student teacher.

A Guide to Teaching Practice: 5th Edition

This chapter identifies the key features, strengths and challenges of a survey, and how to plan, conduct and report it. It discusses different kinds of survey – longitudinal, cross-sectional and trend studies – and their distinguishing ontologies, epistemologies, strengths and weaknesses. In doing so it gives examples and practical advice on how to design and plan a survey, the kinds of questions to ask and how to organize and group them. Here attention must be given to the purposes of the survey, population and sampling, available resources, modes of data collection, the challenges of self-reported answers, and ethical issues. The chapter raises the importance of sampling in survey methodologies, and discusses how to address sampling issues and how to handle and reduce non-response, low response and missing data. The chapter indicates key issues on postal, interview and telephone surveys, and compares methods of data collection in surveys.

Keith Morrison

Papers

Research Methods in Education

Research methods in education, 6th ed.

Research Methods in Education

A Guide to Teaching Practice: 5th Edition

Surveys, longitudinal, cross-sectional and trend studies