Fenton chemistry encompasses reactions of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron to generate highly reactive species such as the hydroxyl radical and possibly others. In this review, the complex mechanisms of Fenton and Fenton-like reactions and the important factors influencing these reactions, from both a fundamental and practical perspective, in applications to water and soil treatment, are discussed. The review covers modified versions including the photoassisted Fenton reaction, use of chelated iron, electro-Fenton reactions, and Fenton reactions using heterogeneous catalysts. Sections are devoted to nonclassical pathways, by-products, kinetics and process modeling, experimental design methodology, soil and aquifer treatment, use of Fenton in combination with other advanced oxidation processes or biodegradation, economic comparison with other advanced oxidation processes, and case studies.

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Advanced Oxidation Processes for Organic Contaminant Destruction Based on the Fenton Reaction and Related Chemistry

In this chapter, we will restrict our attention to the ferrites and a few other closely related materials. The great interest in ferrites stems from their unique combination of a spontaneous magnetization and a high electrical resistivity. The observed magnetization results from the difference in the magnetizations of two non-equivalent sub-lattices of the magnetic ions in the crystal structure. Materials of this type should strictly be designated as “ferrimagnetic” and in some respects are more closely related to anti-ferromagnetic substances than they are to ferromagnetics in which the magnetization results from the parallel alignment of all the magnetic moments present. We shall not adhere to this special nomenclature except to emphasize effects, which are due to the existence of the sub-lattices.

Ferromagnetic materials

2.2. Fenton’s Chemistry 6575 2.2.1. Origins 6575 2.2.2. Fenton Process 6575 2.3. Photo-Fenton Process 6577 3. H2O2 Electrogeneration for Water Treatment 6577 3.1. Fundamentals 6578 3.2. Cathode Materials 6579 3.3. Divided Cells 6580 3.4. Undivided Cells 6583 4. Electro-Fenton (EF) Process 6585 4.1. Origins 6585 4.2. Fundamentals of EF for Water Remediation 6586 4.2.1. Cell Configuration 6586 4.2.2. Cathodic Fe2+ Regeneration 6586 4.2.3. Anodic Generation of Heterogeneous Hydroxyl Radical 6587

Electro-Fenton process and related electrochemical technologies based on Fenton's reaction chemistry

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) constitute a promising technology for the treatment of wastewaters containing non-easily removable organic compounds. Chlorophenols (CPs) are a group of special interest due to their high toxicity and low biodegradability. Data concerning the degradation of CPs by means of AOPs reported during the period 1995–2002 are evaluated in this work. Among the AOPs, the following techniques are studied: processes based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2+UV, Fenton, photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes), photolysis, photocatalysis and processes based on ozone (O3, O3+UV and O3+catalyst). Half-life times and kinetic constants for CP degradation are reviewed and the different mechanistic degradation pathways are taken into account.

Degradation of chlorophenols by means of advanced oxidation processes: a general review

The open literature concerning chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia (SCR process) on metal oxide catalysts is reviewed. Catalytic systems based on supported V2O5 (including the industrial TiO2-supported V2O5–WO3 and/or V2O5–MoO3 catalysts) and catalysts containing Fe2O3, CuO, MnOx and CrOx are considered. The results of spectroscopic studies of the adsorbed surface species, adsorption–desorption measurements, flow reactor and kinetic experiments are analyzed. The proposed reaction mechanisms are described and critically discussed. Points of convergence and of disagreement are underlined.

Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review

By considering adsorption processes of organic compounds as being determined by the electronic distribution in the "anchoring" group of an adsorbate, a correlation has been derived between adsorption measurements and Hammett‐like substituent constants through the use of Linear Free Energy Relations (LFER). The analysis is extended to corrosion inhibitors by assuming that the mechanism of inhibition by organic molecules is chemisorption and that the energetics of the corrosion process per se are unaffected by the addition of substituents on the parent compound.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2423723/pdf

Theory of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors Adsorption and Linear Free Energy Relationships

Ring‐disk electrode studies of anodic polarization of Cu in acidic chloride solutions indicate four distinct potential regions: the apparent Tafel region, the peak current and current minimum region, the limiting current region, and potentials above the limiting current region. Ring currents measured the flux of cuprous and cupric species from the disk. Dependence of disk and ring currents on H+ and Cl− and on rotating rate has been determined. Models are proposed to describe Cu electrodissolution in the apparent Tafel region and the potential region above the limiting currents. The results indicate mixed mass‐transfer and kinetic control with cuprous chloride complex as the limiting diffusion species in the apparent Tafel region. At potentials above the limiting current region, there is simultaneous mass‐transfer control of the cuprous chloride complex and kinetic control of Cu++ formation via the reaction, . Within the peak current and current minimum region and the limiting current region, Cu electrodissolution by mass transport is controlled in accord with previous work.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1.2108335/pdf

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cu Electrodissolution in Chloride Media

Electrochemical studies of copper, copper-aluminium and copper-aluminium-silver alloys: Impedance results in 0.5M NaCl

Etude par la methode du disque tournant. On propose un modele pour la diffusion des ions chlorure a travers la couche poreuse de CuCl afin de rendre compte du comportement oscillatoire

Ken Nobe

Papers

Theory of Organic Corrosion Inhibitors Adsorption and Linear Free Energy Relationships

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Cu Electrodissolution in Chloride Media

Electrochemical studies of copper, copper-aluminium and copper-aluminium-silver alloys: Impedance results in 0.5M NaCl

Film Formation and Current Oscillations in the Electrodissolution of Cu in Acidic Chloride Media I . Experimental Studies

Electrodissolution Kinetics of Iron in Chloride Solutions III . Acidic Solutions