BACKGROUND
Depression, anxiety and somatization are the most common mental disorders in primary care as well as medical specialty populations; each is present in at least 5-10% of patients and frequently comorbid with one another. An efficient means for measuring and monitoring all three conditions would be desirable.


METHODS
Evidence regarding the psychometric and pragmatic characteristics of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)-7 anxiety and PHQ-15 somatic symptom scales are synthesized from two sources: (1) four multisite cross-sectional studies (three conducted in primary care and one in obstetric-gynecology practices) comprising 9740 patients, and (2) key studies from the literature that have studied these scales.


RESULTS
The PHQ-9 and its abbreviated eight-item (PHQ-8) and two-item (PHQ-2) versions have good sensitivity and specificity for detecting depressive disorders. Likewise, the GAD-7 and its abbreviated two-item (GAD-2) version have good operating characteristics for detecting generalized anxiety, panic, social anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. The optimal cutpoint is > or = 10 on the parent scales (PHQ-9 and GAD-7) and > or = 3 on the ultra-brief versions (PHQ-2 and GAD-2). The PHQ-15 is equal or superior to other brief measures for assessing somatic symptoms and screening for somatoform disorders. Cutpoints of 5, 10 and 15 represent mild, moderate and severe symptom levels on all three scales. Sensitivity to change is well-established for the PHQ-9 and emerging albeit not yet definitive for the GAD-7 and PHQ-15.


CONCLUSIONS
The PHQ-9, GAD-7 and PHQ-15 are brief well-validated measures for detecting and monitoring depression, anxiety and somatization.

Iconography : The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review

A method is provided for modifying an image. The method comprises displaying an image, the image comprising a portion of an object; and determining if an edge of the object is in a location within the portion. The method further comprises detecting movement, in a member direction, of an operating member with respect to the edge. The method still further comprises moving, if the edge is not in the location, the object in an object direction corresponding to the detected movement; and modifying, if the edge is in the location, the image in response to the detected movement, the modified image comprising the edge in the location.

Information processing apparatus, information processing method and program

Disclosed herein are methods, systems, and apparatuses to enable subscribers of mobile wireless communication devices to view, research, select and customize service plans; to create and manage device groups, share and set permission controls for service plans among devices in device groups; to manage communication services through graphical user interfaces; to sponsor and promote service plans; and to design, manage, and control communication services through application programming interfaces.

Service Plan Design, User Interfaces, Application Programming Interfaces, and Device Management

Device Assisted Services (DAS) for protecting network capacity is provided. In some embodiments, DAS for protecting network capacity includes monitoring a network service usage activity of the communications device in network communication; classifying the network service usage activity for differential network access control for protecting network capacity; and associating the network service usage activity with a network service usage control policy based on a classification of the network service usage activity to facilitate differential network access control for protecting network capacity.

Device-Assisted Services for Protecting Network Capacity

A system analyzes content accessed at a network site to determine whether it is malicious. The system employs a tool able to identify spyware that is piggy-backed on executable files (such as software downloads) and is able to detect “drive-by download” attacks that install software on the victim's computer when a page is rendered by a browser program. The tool uses a virtual machine (VM) to sandbox and analyze potentially malicious content. By installing and running executable files within a clean VM environment, commercial anti-spyware tools can be employed to determine whether a specific executable contains piggy-backed spyware. By visiting a Web page with an unmodified browser inside a clean VM environment, predefined “triggers,” such as the installation of a new library, or the creation of a new process, can be used to determine whether the page mounts a drive-by download attack.

Detection of spyware threats within virtual machine

A client apparatus for utilizing services by executing service programs includes a policy holding unit, a verification unit, a verification result holding unit, and a verification result notification unit. The policy holding unit holds a service-specific verification policy pre-checked by a device verification apparatus. The verification unit verifies an operation and configuration of the client apparatus itself by using the verification policy when the service program is executed. The verification result notification unit notifies the verification result to the device verification apparatus, which requests the verification result.

Client apparatus, device verification apparatus, and verification method

A mobile terminal (200) includes: an application execution unit (240); an access control rule management unit (270) for holding an access control rule for defining presence/absence of the access authority to a confidential resource in the terminal by an application program and decision means; an access control rule query unit (220) for specifying an identifier of a user identification module owned by the mobile terminal or an identifier of the mobile terminal itself, acquiring the access control rule from an external device, and storing the it in the access control rule management unit; a query required/non-required judgment unit (260) for calling the access control rule query unit when the application program accesses a confidential resource and judging whether to update the access control rule; an authority management unit (230) for judging presence/absence of the access authority according to the access control rule; and a confidential resource management unit (250) for permitting on not permitting the request to access the confidential resource by the application program according to the authority management unit (230).

Mobile terminal, access control management device, and access control management method

A device management apparatus includes a device configuration information holding unit, a subscriber information holding unit, a security policy holding unit, a module state holding unit, and a device diagnosis unit. The security policy holding unit holds a security policy set based on the configuration based on the configuration information or the subscriber information. The device diagnosis unit examines the security policy and the module state information to make a diagnosis of a configuration of the device.

Device management apparatus, device, and device management method

A software operation monitoring apparatus for monitoring an operation of software under execution, including: a policy information storing unit configured to store policy information for distinguishing a monitoring target operation and out-of-monitoring operation of software; an execution history recording unit configured to record an execution history of the software; a first analysis unit configured to detect the monitoring target operation from the operation of the software under execution based on the policy information; and a second analysis unit configured to analyze the execution history recorded in the execution history recording unit for the operation detected by the first analysis unit, and determine an existence of a gap of the software from a normal operation.

Software operation monitoring apparatus and software operation monitoring method

The Various network resources, including wireless access and multimedia devices, expected in ubiquitous computing environments, have limited geographical service areas and different attributes. This paper proposes adaptive terminal middleware that performs policy-based dynamic resource selection and host-based session management to hide session failures and resource changes from applications and a user. The middleware realizes a Virtual Socket, on top of real sockets, which employs a seamless session handoff mechanism for resource changes, and a resume and retransmission mechanism against disconnection of the wireless link. We implemented the middleware and a test application on top of it to evaluate the performance.

Ken Ohta

Papers

Client apparatus, device verification apparatus, and verification method

Mobile terminal, access control management device, and access control management method

Device management apparatus, device, and device management method

Software operation monitoring apparatus and software operation monitoring method

Adaptive terminal middleware for session mobility