Interpretation of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns . By H. Lipson and H. Steeple. Pp. viii + 335 + 3 plates. (Mac-millan: London; St Martins Press: New York, May 1970.) £4.

X-Ray Diffraction

International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography (Published for the International Union of Crystallography.) Vol. 1: Symmetry Groups. Edited by Norman F. M. Henry and Kathleen Lonsdale. Pp. xi + 558. (Birmingham: Kynoch Press, 1952.) 105s.

/pdf/international-tables-for-x-ray-crystallography-1t8sk98xrd.pdf

International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography

Lithium-ion batteries are regarded as promising energy storage devices for next-generation electric and hybrid electric vehicles. In order to meet the demands of electric vehicles, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries with high energy and power densities. Although significant progress has been recently made in the development of novel electrode materials, some critical issues comprising low electronic conductivity, low ionic diffusion efficiency, and large structural variation have to be addressed before the practical application of these materials. Surface and interface engineering is essential to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. This article reviews the recent progress in surface and interface engineering of electrode materials including the increase in contact interface by decreasing the particle size or introducing porous or hierarchical structures and surface modification or functionalization by metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, carbon materials, polymers, and other ionic and electronic conductive species.

Surface and Interface Engineering of Electrode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Previous synthesis routes created apatites in low crystallinity and high crystallinity states, but a wider range will extend the design capabilities of apatites for hard tissue replacements. While high crystallinity apatites are more conventional, this work investigated lower crystallinity variations from an amorphous state to low crystallinity apatite. Carbonated hydroxyapatite was prepared by precipitating an amorphous phase followed by crystallization at 650 °C at slow (5 °C min−1) and fast heating rates (60 °C min−1). The effect of processing conditions on crystallinity and structural changes was evaluated by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, peak deconvolution of IR and Raman spectra resolved the carbonate and phosphate bands and revealed the carbonate and crystalline phase content in CHAp. Similar to precipitation of crystalline apatites, the crystallization at elevated temperature led to carbonate in both the phosphate and hydroxyl positions. Heating at 650 °C provided a nanosized spherical hydroxyapatite containing carbonate controlled by the heating rate. This creates a mechanism for creating a large range in crystallinity with a greater resorption capability for regenerative medicine.

Effect of Processing Conditions on the Crystallinity and Structure of Carbonated Calcium Hydroxyapatite (CHAp)

Facile synthesis of rGO/SmFe5O12/CoFe2O4 ternary nanocomposites: Composition control for superior broadband microwave absorption performance

Magnetic nanosized rare earth iron garnets R 3 Fe 5 O 12 : Sol-gel fabrication, characterization and reinspection

Sol-gel synthesis, structural, morphological and magnetic properties of BaTiO3–BiMnO3 solid solutions

Fe and Zn co-substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP): Synthesis, structural, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties

In the present work, gadolinium substitution effects on the properties of yttrium manganite YxGd1−xMn097Fe003O3 (x from 0 to 1 with a step of 02) synthesized by an aqueous sol–gel method have been investigated Partial substitution of Mn3+ by 57Fe3+ in the manganite was also performed in order to investigate deeper the structural properties of synthesized compounds applying Mossbauer spectroscopy It was demonstrated that substitution of Y3+ by Gd3+ ions leads to the changes of structural, magnetic and morphological properties of investigated system The crystal structure gradually transformed from hexagonal to orthorhombic with an increase of Gd3+ content in the crystal lattice The mixed phase was obtained when x = 06, whereas other compounds were determined to be monophasic Magnetization measurements revealed paramagnetic behavior of all specimens, however magnetization values were found to be dependent on chemical composition of the samples Solid solutions with orthorhombic structure revealed higher magnetization values compared to those of hexagonal samples The highest magnetization was observed for pure GdMn097Fe003O3 Structural properties were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer, FTIR and Raman spectroscopies Morphological features of the synthesized specimens were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

/pdf/study-of-gadolinium-substitution-effects-in-hexagonal-2d5rnxsg10.pdf

Study of gadolinium substitution effects in hexagonal yttrium manganite YMnO3

In this study, a highly crystalline bismuth ferrite (BFO) powder was synthesized using a novel, very simple, and cost-effective synthetic approach. It was demonstrated that the optimal annealing temperature for the preparation of highly-pure BFO is 650 °C. At lower or higher temperatures, the formation of neighboring crystal phases was observed. The thermal behavior of BFO precursor gel was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Mossbauer spectroscopy were employed for the investigation of structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate morphological features of the synthesized materials. The obtained powders were also characterized by magnetization measurements, which showed antiferromagnetic behavior of BFO powders.

/pdf/a-facile-synthesis-and-characterization-of-highly-t6myyw07xg.pdf

Kestutis Mazeika

Papers

Magnetic nanosized rare earth iron garnets R 3 Fe 5 O 12 : Sol-gel fabrication, characterization and reinspection

Sol-gel synthesis, structural, morphological and magnetic properties of BaTiO3–BiMnO3 solid solutions

Fe and Zn co-substituted beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP): Synthesis, structural, magnetic, mechanical and biological properties

Study of gadolinium substitution effects in hexagonal yttrium manganite YMnO3

A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Submicro-Sized BiFeO3