1. Equilibrium party hegemony 2. Structural determinants of mass support 3. Budget cycles under autocracy 4. The politics of vote-buying 5. Judging economic performance in hard times 6. Ideological divisions in the opposition camp 7. How voters choose and mass coordination dilemmas 8. Electoral fraud and the game of electoral transitions 9. Conclusion.

http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/polisci/cpworkshop/papers/Magaloni.pdf

Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and its Demise in Mexico

1. The world of dictatorial institutions 2. Three illustrative cases 3. The use of institutions to co-opt 4. Institutions and policies under dictatorship 5. Institutions and outcomes under dictatorship 6. Institutions and the survival of dictators.

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Political Institutions under Dictatorship

Since the 1970s, market‐based economic policies have been institutionalized as a nearly global policy paradigm. Using four national case studies, this article shows that economic and financial globalization played a critical role in fostering the transition to neoliberal policies, but that local institutional conditions were decisive in shaping the nature and meaning of the shift. While the analysis finds that developing countries appear more dependent upon direct external pressures than developed ones, it also shows that institutionalized patterns of state‐society relations determined the way in which neoliberal transitions were carried out, somewhat irrespectively of the level of economic development. In Chile and Britain, poorly mediated distributional conflict created the ideological conditions for a “monetarist” revolution. In Mexico and France, on the other hand, neoliberalism was understood mainly as a necessary step to adapt the country to the international economy.

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The Rebirth of the Liberal Creed: Paths to Neoliberalism in Four Countries1

Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy

Part I. The Macro Perspective: 1. A theory of single-party dominance and opposition party development 2. Dominant party advantages and opposition party failure, 1930s-90s Part II. The Micro Perspective: 3. Why participate? A theory of elite activism in dominant party systems 4. The empirical dynamics of elite activism Part III. Implications: 5. Constrained to the core: opposition party organizations, 1980s-90s 6. Dominance defeated: voting behavior in the 2000 elections 7. Extending the argument: Italy, Japan, Malaysia, and Taiwan.

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Why Dominant Parties Lose: Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective

"The paradox of social revolution:" writes Kevin Middlebrook, "is that popular mobilisation and socio-economic transformation frequently give rise to a new form of authoritarian rule as revolutionary elites expand and centralise political power." The remarkable resilience of many post-revolutionary authoritarian regimes, he notes, is due to the successful consolidation of a governing coalition in which mass actors such as workers and peasants play a central, though subordinate, part. This important interdisciplinary work unravels the paradox of social revolution in the Mexican case by examining organised labour's participation in politics and economic development from the 1920s through the early 1990s. Middlebrook shows that both state-centered and society-centered analytic approaches are essential to understanding how Mexico's 1910-1920 revolution gave rise to a durable authoritarian regime in which the governing elite maintained a strong base of popular support while simultaneously imposing significant constraints on mass participation. By demonstrating organised labour's central importance in the formation and evolution of Mexico's distinctive authoritarian regime, he lays the basis for a major reinterpretation of key features of 20th-century Mexican politics. At a time when the Mexican regime faces unprecedented challenges, this book explores both the legacies of post-revolutionary authoritarian rule and the complex relationship between labour politics and democratic regime change.

The paradox of revolution : labor, the state, and authoritarianism in Mexico

Since the 1980s, Mexico has alternately served as a model of structural economic reform and as a cautionary example of the limitations associated with market-led development. Because of the importance of the Mexican experience in continuing debates about options available to developing countries, the twenty-three contributors to this book provide a comprehensive, interdisciplinary assessment of the principal economic and social policies adopted by Mexico during the 1980s and 1990s. Mexico was a pioneer in the shift away from state-led industrialization and the adoption of market-oriented policies. As a consequence, Mexico emerged as Latin America's largest exporter of manufactured goods, which provided the country's most dynamic source of economic growth. Yet trade and investment expansion also significantly increased the Mexican economy's vulnerability to external shocks. A profound financial crisis in 1994-95 deeply affected Mexico's economic stability and rate of growth, and raised persistent questions about whether the country's new economic model is capable of achieving sustained growth and equitable socioeconomic development. The topics covered in the book are (1) macroeconomic and financial policies, including the impact of the adjustment process on growth, inflation, foreign and domestic debt burdens, the Mexican banking system, and foreign investment; (2) trade, export-led growth, and industrial policies, with attention to key actors and strategies behind the rapid expansion of Mexican manufactured exports and the limitations of this export-led growth model for national development; (3) social policies and rural development issues, focusing on education, health care, pensions, and problems affecting rural Mexico; and (4) poverty, inequality, and employment problems, notably income distribution and poverty trends, the efficacy of poverty-alleviation policies, urban and regional disparities, and the effects of economic liberalization on employment and wage levels. A final overview section analyzes the Mexican development experience of the 1980s and 1990s in historical and comparative context.

Confronting Development: Assessing Mexico's Economic and Social Policy Challenges

Under what conditions do political institutions develop that are capable of promoting economic and social elites' accommodation to democracy? The importance of this question for research on regime change and democracy in Latin America lies in two established political facts: alliances between upper-class groups and the armed forces have historically been a major cause of military intervention in the region, and countries with electorally viable national conservative parties have experienced significantly longer periods of democratic governance since the 1920s and 1930s than have countries with weak conservative parties. The contributors to this book examine the relationship between the Right and democracy in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, Peru, and Venezuela during the 1980s and 1990s. The authors focus particularly on the challenges that democratization may pose to upper-class groups; the political role of conservative parties and their electoral performance during these two crucial decades; and the relationships among conservative party strength or weakness, different modes of elite interest representation, and economic and social elites' support for political democracy. The volume includes a statistical appendix with data on conservative parties' electoral performance in national elections during the 1980s and 1990s in these seven countries. Contributors: Atilio A. Boron, Universidad de Buenos Aires * Catherine M. Conaghan, Queen's University * Michael Coppedge, University of Notre Dame * John C. Dugas, Kalamazoo College * Manuel Antonio Garreton, Universidad de Chile * Scott Mainwaring, University of Notre Dame * Rachel Meneguello, Universidade de Campinas * Kevin J. Middlebrook, University of California, San Diego * Timothy J. Power, Florida International University * Elisabeth J. Wood, New York University.

Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America

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Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry . By Bennett Douglas C. and Sharpe Kenneth E. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. xiii, 300 p. $42.00, cloth; $9.95, paper).

Kevin J. Middlebrook

Papers

The paradox of revolution : labor, the state, and authoritarianism in Mexico

Confronting Development: Assessing Mexico's Economic and Social Policy Challenges

Conservative parties, the right, and democracy in Latin America

Transnational Corporations versus the State: The Political Economy of the Mexican Auto Industry . By Bennett Douglas C. and Sharpe Kenneth E. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985. xiii, 300 p. $42.00, cloth; $9.95, paper).

Political liberalization in an authoritarian regime : the case of Mexico