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Introduction To Rock Mechanics

The development of fuzzy sets in geographic information systems (GIS) arose out of the need to handle uncertainty and the ability of soft computing technology to support fuzzy information processing. Fuzzy logic is an alternative logical foundation coming from artificial intelligence (AI) technology with several useful implications for spatial data handling. GIS has been found to have a crucial role in the performance of public sector organizations (PSO). However, the literature shows no universal model to support and shed light on GIS adoption, which lessens the chances for effective GIS adoption and usage. Therefore, a new model is needed for successful adoption and eventual enhanced organization’s performance. Thus, there is a need to investigate the factors that can bring about GIS adoption. Models for GIS adoption in literature are few and far between, and the few that exist are not applicable as they do not cover all the significant factors that can contribute to adoption success. Hence, this paper brought a GIS adoption model for PSOs to promote their performance. The model was developed through the extension of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in addition to the DeLone and McLean’s Success Model. The study involved interviews with ten experts in ranking the extracted factors, and data was analyzed through thematic analysis. On the basis of the obtained analysis findings, the fundamental factors were found to be significant in their effects, and GIS adoption sufficiently related to the overall performance. Thus, the study contributes to the body of knowledge by filling the gap in the literature.

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The Adoption of Geographic Information Systems in the Public Sector of Saudi Arabia: A Conceptual Model

Modeling of Groundwater Behavior using GIS and ModFlow Software : Case study of Al Kharj Region – Al Kharj Saudi Arabia

The stability and potential building hazard arising from karstic cavities within the shallow limestone rock mass are a special feature of the urban environment in the city of Al Kharj (located in the south of Al Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Numerical modeling analyses using FLAC2D , have been applied to determine the behavior of the rock mass layers above these randomly underground voids usually continuously under complex solicitation (water pressure, loading from new building at the surface and pre-existing voids). The modeling has been validated by using the geotechnical characteristics of shallow limestone which have taken based on the bibliography; initial strength parameters of the limestone were derived from laboratory testing also in the bibliography. These computer modeling analyses have been combined with the field observations and geotechnical testing. This paper describes the modeling FLAC2D being applied, the manner in which the results are used by Civil Engineers to design a type of a new building foundations above these underground voids. More field tests will be recommended as geophysical investigation in order to make a mapping allows to geo-referencing these shallow underground voids within the urban area.

Numerical Modeling of Limestone Rock Mass Loaded to Failure above Underground Karstic Cavities using FLAC2D Software : A case study of Al Kharj Region - Saudi Arabia

During the last decade, the continued demand to build heavy buildings in Al Kharj city requires more attention by doing a geotechnical investigation in order to design an optimized foundations based on geo-database and mapping that have been indexed in neighboring buildings for future projects. However, to design the foundations of heavy buildings we need to explore the shallow soil and rock stratum layers using boreholes up to 20 meters in order to know the thickness of each layer and its geotechnical proprieties before designing any foundations type. For this reason, the owner of each building must be chosen an appropriate foundations according to the civil engineering specifications. According to the field investigation and the geotechnical data from the boreholes which were included in various corners of the site, we observe that there are a difference in the geotechnical proprieties from one borehole to another concerning the thickness of layer and also the mineralogical composition of these layers as well as its geotechnical characteristics, that why we intend to apply a new tool such as GIS application in order to predict the 3D distribution of the soil and rock stratum layers thickness based on the geo-statistics modeling implemented within the GIS software. As an important results involved within this paper, we note the randomly distribution of the soil and rock stratum layers thickness which have no conformity of geotechnical proprieties with the best choice of heavy buildings foundations which were adopted by the designer, however, it is necessary to look for a new methods allow to develop and support geotechnical investigations, including the indirect applied geophysics methods. In addition, referring to the randomly geotechnical proprieties distribution of the soil and rock stratum layers thickness, it is necessary to build a geo-database using GIS software taking into account many sources of geospatial data (Satellite images, GPS, field surveying, and so on...) which help public and private companies that are active in the construction field to help to take decision for better designing the heavy buildings foundations and to avoid many reasons of foundations failure after construction phases. Finally, we recommend to complete these findings involved in this paper by taking into account the groundwater phenomenon at shallow depth where the reinforcement foundations can be affected by salts or any other chemical elements associated with groundwater surface. As well as the need to be in the short term to review and develop the required geotechnical investigations which can be integrated with the spatial database in order to help to take better decisions when we design the heavy buildings foundations in Al Kharj city and where else in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Geo-statistics Modeling of Shallow Soil and Rock Stratum Layers based on Geotechnical Data Field using GIS Tool : A case study of Al Kharj Region - Saudi Arabia

Khaled Kheder

Papers

Modeling of Groundwater Behavior using GIS and ModFlow Software : Case study of Al Kharj Region – Al Kharj Saudi Arabia

Numerical Modeling of Limestone Rock Mass Loaded to Failure above Underground Karstic Cavities using FLAC2D Software : A case study of Al Kharj Region - Saudi Arabia

Geo-statistics Modeling of Shallow Soil and Rock Stratum Layers based on Geotechnical Data Field using GIS Tool : A case study of Al Kharj Region - Saudi Arabia