After implementing 5G technology, academia and industry started researching 6th generation wireless network technology (6G). 6G is expected to be implemented around the year 2030. It will offer a significant experience for everyone by enabling hyper-connectivity between people and everything. In addition, it is expected to extend mobile communication possibilities where earlier generations could not have developed. Several potential technologies are predicted to serve as the foundation of 6G networks. These include upcoming and current technologies such as post-quantum cryptography, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), enhanced edge computing, molecular communication, THz, visible light communication (VLC), and distributed ledger (DL) technologies such as blockchain. From a security and privacy perspective, these developments need a reconsideration of prior security traditional methods. New novel authentication, encryption, access control, communication, and malicious activity detection must satisfy the higher significant requirements of future networks. In addition, new security approaches are necessary to ensure trustworthiness and privacy. This paper provides insights into the critical problems and difficulties related to the security, privacy, and trust issues of 6G networks. Moreover, the standard technologies and security challenges per each technology are clarified. This paper introduces the 6G security architecture and improvements over the 5G architecture. We also introduce the security issues and challenges of the 6G physical layer. In addition, the AI/ML layers and the proposed security solution in each layer are studied. The paper summarizes the security evolution in legacy mobile networks and concludes with their security problems and the most essential 6G application services and their security requirements. Finally, this paper provides a complete discussion of 6G networks’ trustworthiness and solutions.

/pdf/security-requirements-and-challenges-of-6g-technologies-and-5zpd0d9t.pdf

Security Requirements and Challenges of 6G Technologies and Applications

Vision and research directions of 6G technologies and applications

Interference has been a key roadblock against the effectively deployment of applications for end-users in wireless networks including fifth-generation (5G) and beyond fifth-generation (B5G) networks. Protocols and standards for various communication types have been established and utilised by the community in the last few years. However, interference remains a key challenge, preventing end-users from receiving the quality of service (QoS) expected for many 5G applications. The increased need for better data rates and more exposure to multimedia information lead to a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme that aims to enhance spectral efficiency and link additional applications employing successive interference cancellation and superposition coding mechanisms. Recent work suggests that the NOMA scheme performs better when combined with suitable wireless technologies specifically by incorporating antenna diversity including massive multiple-input multiple-output architecture, data rate fairness, energy efficiency, cooperative relaying, beamforming and equalization, network coding, and space–time coding. In this paper, we discuss several cooperative NOMA systems operating under the decode-and-forward and amplify-and-forward protocols. The paper provides an overview of power-domain NOMA-based cooperative communication, and also provides an outlook of future research directions of this area.

/pdf/cooperative-power-domain-noma-systems-an-overview-17jupwco.pdf

Cooperative Power-Domain NOMA Systems: An Overview

Smart healthcare has become a health policy services that utilize technologies including wearables, the Internet of things, smartphones, etc., to access information continuously and to link patients, equipment and medical facilities, and then effectively handles and responds in an intelligent way to the needs of medical ecosystems. The smart healthcare management system digitally helps the patient to have used medical assistance and services like emergency response, diagnostic service, and surveillance services at any time and in any location. The evaluation of such a management system must be studied for innovative ideas similar to direct healthcare services. Therefore, this study proposes a Smart Healthcare Management Evaluation using Fuzzy Decision Making (SHME-FDM) method to assess the technological integration efficiency. This study thus evaluates the privacy protection of healthcare data of the smart healthcare management system using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy ProcessTechnique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS). Here, this study uses the fuzzy-based neural network for healthcare predictions. The experimental analysis evaluates the accuracy, reliability and error rate of the fuzzy results. The security risk analysis findings show that the proposed fuzzy model can give the highest risk evaluation performance compared to existing models.

/pdf/smart-healthcare-management-evaluation-using-fuzzy-decision-3z35wfvvwc.pdf

Smart Healthcare Management Evaluation using Fuzzy Decision Making Method

With the advent of Deep Learning (DL), Super-Resolution (SR) has also become a thriving research area. However, despite promising results, the field still faces challenges that require further research, e.g., allowing flexible upsampling, more effective loss functions, and better evaluation metrics. We review the domain of SR in light of recent advances and examine state-of-the-art models such as diffusion (DDPM) and transformer-based SR models. We critically discuss contemporary strategies used in SR and identify promising yet unexplored research directions. We complement previous surveys by incorporating the latest developments in the field, such as uncertainty-driven losses, wavelet networks, neural architecture search, novel normalization methods, and the latest evaluation techniques. We also include several visualizations for the models and methods throughout each chapter to facilitate a global understanding of the trends in the field. This review ultimately aims at helping researchers to push the boundaries of DL applied to SR.

Hitchhiker's Guide to Super-Resolution: Introduction and Recent Advances

A review on Single Image Super Resolution techniques using generative adversarial network

Wireless Communication services have witnessed a dramatic growth in the past few years. With Telecommunication, there has been parallel growth in usage of different applications and services like VoIP, social network, e-commerce, entertainment etc. 5G is the next generation of telecommunication technology with elaborative and twirling services that can have a profound affect on the society. It can unleash new economic opening and societal benefits giving a potential for being a conversional force for the world. This paper elucidates the evolution of mobile wireless communication technologies. It includes details of architectures, salient features like data rate, primary services etc. To deliver next generation network services, 3GPP introduces IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based on Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). This paper also covers Software Defined Network (SDN) based architecture and explains various technologies like Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Network Slicing and certain pointers to research issues related to 5G.

A Survey of Wireless Communication Technologies from 1G to 5G

Internet of Things (IoT) can be employed in various applications like agriculture, disaster relief operations, smart and connected health care, this paper presents a healthcare system using IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) which can help doctors to monitor patient’s health from anywhere. IMS is the key idea of Next Generation Networks (NGNs) and integrated network of telecommunications that utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) for packet communications. Event-based Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) for Instant Messaging and Presence Leveraging Extensions (SIMPLE) architecture is the best solution for IMS-based systems. SIP protocol is used to communicate with IMS core and data is transmitted inside SIP messages. In this manner, there is no requirement for extra transport protocol. The proposed system can generate automatic alerts by sending calls and messages to various stakeholders like healthcare organization, family members, etc. in emergency situations. IMS client has been implemented using Nubomedia IMS connector which is customized to read and interpret data. The existing IMS clients like UCT and Boghe can’t read different files thereby prohibiting various forms of analysis and data manipulation. A rule-based interpretation of data is then done to trigger messages to the doctors if the values observed are above certain threshold. The developed system can be useful for monitoring patient’s health by collecting health data through smart watches, apps and sensors. The designed IMS platform can be extended to contribute in numerous fields like disaster management, healthcare system, emergency ambulance call setup by reading live data streams, monitoring and issuing notifications.

Khushboo Singla

Papers

A review on Single Image Super Resolution techniques using generative adversarial network

A Survey of Wireless Communication Technologies from 1G to 5G

An Approach Towards IoT-Based Healthcare Management System