Carbon dioxide generation rates of different age and gender under various activity levels

Several research studies have ranked indoor pollution among the top environmental risks to public health in recent years. Good indoor air quality is an essential component of a healthy indoor environment and significantly affects human health and well-being. Poor air quality in such environments may cause respiratory disease for millions of pupils around the globe and, in the current pandemic-dominated era, require ever more urgent actions to tackle the burden of its impacts. The poor indoor quality in such environments could result from poor management, operation, maintenance, and cleaning. Pupils are a different segment of the population from adults in many ways, and they are more exposed to the poor indoor environment: They breathe in more air per unit weight and are more sensitive to heat/cold and moisture. Thus, their vulnerability is higher than adults, and poor conditions may affect proper development. However, a healthy learning environment can reduce the absence rate, improves test scores, and enhances pupil/teacher learning/teaching productivity. In this article, we analyzed recent literature on indoor air quality and health in schools, with the primary focus on ventilation, thermal comfort, productivity, and exposure risk. This study conducts a comprehensive review to summarizes the existing knowledge to highlight the latest research and solutions and proposes a roadmap for the future school environment. In conclusion, we summarize the critical limitations of the existing studies, reveal insights for future research directions, and propose a roadmap for further improvements in school air quality. More parameters and specific data should be obtained from in-site measurements to get a more in-depth understanding at contaminant characteristics. Meanwhile, site-specific strategies for different school locations, such as proximity to transportation routes and industrial areas, should be developed to suit the characteristics of schools in different regions. The socio-economic consequences of health and performance effects on children in classrooms should be considered. There is a great need for more comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes to study on environmental health exposure, student performance, and indoor satisfaction. More complex mitigation measures should be evaluated by considering energy efficiency, IAQ and health effects. • Most schools worldwide have basic natural ventilation systems; typically, inadequate for meeting the needs of pupils. • Exposure to various air pollutants in school buildings risks severe damage to pupils' health. • Pupils tend to feel comfortable in indoor climates that are cooler than environments where adults feel thermally neutral. • Studies show that reduced classroom air quality will cause a reduction in cognitive performance of pupils. • There is limited insight demonstrating detailed energy use profiles in school buildings. 

Indoor air quality and health in schools: A critical review for developing the roadmap for the future school environment

The present study aims to assess the air quality status in the central library of Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India. Pollutants concentrations (i.e. PM10, PM2.5, PM1 and TVOC) and comfo...

Spatio-temporal variations of indoor air quality in a university library

When reconstructing existing school buildings and building new buildings, great emphasis is placed on increasing their thermal resistance and reducing air tightness. The consequence of these modifications is the reduction of heat flow through the building structure, as well as minimization of uncontrolled ventilation by infiltration through building leaks. According to various studies conducted in the world, it can be said that the exchange of used air for fresh air has a huge impact on the mood of students in the classroom. As part of a research stay at the Lviv Polytechnic, measurements were made in the classroom to determine the air quality during the teaching. The classroom was selected in which measuring instruments were installed for measuring carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and air temperature. During the measurements didactic classes took place in the classroom. In addition to the measurement of indoor air parameters, a subjective assessment of air quality was carried out using questionnaires. The students filled out the indoor air quality questionnaire at the beginning of their stay in the auditorium at the end of their stay. An assessment of air quality was carried out based on the measured air parameters and questionnaire ratings in the selected classroom.

Investigation of Indoor Air Quality in the Selected Ukraine Classroom – Case Study

The article is devoted to decision of actual task of air distribution efficiency increasing due to swirl and spread air jets to provide normative air parameters in the production apartments. The mathematical model of air supply with swirl and spread jets in that type of apartments is improved. It is shown that for reaching of air distribution maximal efficiency it is necessary to supply air by jets, that intensively extinct before entering into a working area. Results of air flow simulation are presented. The graphical and analytical dependences are shown. Dynamic parameters of air flow that is created due to swirl and spread jets has been determined. Results of experimental investigations of air supply into the room by swirl jets are presented. The results of the theoretical and experimental investigations of dependence of the attenuation coefficients and coefficient of device local resistance from the angle of inclination of the twisting plates are presented. It was established that an increase in the angle results in increase of the attenuation coefficients and in decrease of the resistance coefficient of two-flow air distributor (TFAD). The optimum angle of the plates is determined considering aerodynamic and energy aspects.

Air Distribution Efficiency in a Room by a Two-Flow Device

This paper aims to carry out measurements of indoor air temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations as well as to determine CO2 production by students and teacher during ...

Kinga-Eva Péterfi

Papers

Investigation of CO2 production depending on physical activity of students.