Microwave assisted organic synthesis-a review

2.3. Ionic Liquids (ILs) 5374 2.4. Complexation Reactions on Oxidized CNTs 5375 2.5. Halogenation 5376 2.6. Cycloaddition Reactions 5377 2.7. Radical Additions 5379 2.8. Nucleophilic Additions 5381 2.9. Electrophilic Additions 5381 2.10. Electrochemical Modifications 5381 2.11. Plasma-Activation 5381 2.12. Mechanochemical Functionalizations 5382 3. Noncovalent Interactions 5382 3.1. Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds 5382 3.2. Interactions with Other Substances 5384 3.3. Interactions with Biomolecules 5385 4. Endohedral Filling 5386 4.1. Encapsulation of Fullerenes 5386 4.2. Encapsulation of Organic Substances 5387 4.3. Encapsulation of Inorganic Substances 5387 5. Decoration of CNTs with Metal Nanoparticles 5388 5.1. Covalent Linkage 5388 5.2. Direct Formation on Defect Sites 5388 5.3. Electroless Deposition 5388 5.4. Electrodeposition 5389 5.5. Chemical Decoration 5390 5.6. Deposition of Nanoparticles onto CNTs 5391 5.7. π-π Stacking and Electrostatic Interactions 5391 6. Concluding Remarks 5392 7. Acknowledgments 5392 8. References 5392

Current progress on the chemical modification of carbon nanotubes.

Eugenol is a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of mainly Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum) buds and leaves. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in numerous products and has found application in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, cosmetic and various other industries. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well-researched and includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities, amongst others. In addition, it is widely used in agricultural applications to protect foods from micro-organisms during storage, which might have an effect on human health, and as a pesticide and fumigant. As a functional ingredient, it is included in many dental preparations and it has also been shown to enhance skin permeation of various drugs. Eugenol is considered safe as a food additive but due to the wide range of different applications, extensive use and availability of clove oil, it is pertinent to discuss the general toxicity with special reference to contact dermatitis. This review summarises the pharmacological, agricultural and other applications of eugenol with specific emphasis on mechanism of action as well as toxicity data.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/17/6/6953/pdf

Eugenol--from the remote Maluku Islands to the international market place: a review of a remarkable and versatile molecule.

Centro de Quı́mica-Fı́sica Molecular (CQFM) and Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology (IN), Departamento de Engenharia Quı́mica e Biológica, Instituto Superior Técnico, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Quı́mica, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal, and iMed.UL, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal

More sustainable approaches for the synthesis of N-based heterocycles.

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as eco-friendly and sustainable solvent/catalyst systems in organic transformations

A recyclable and highly effective sulfamic acid/meoh catalytic system for the synthesis of quinoxalines at room temperature

Silica-supported bismuth(III) chloride as a new recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis

The rapid synthesis of thiomorpholides by willgerodt-kindler reaction under microwave heating

Thiosemicarbazide reacted with 1,2-diaminobenzene to give 1,2-dihydro-3-thioxo-1,2,4-benzotriazine (1) in fairly good yield in a solvent free reaction under microwave irradiation.1 was condensed with prop-2ynyl bromide in the presence of sodium methoxide to afford the corresponding 3-(prop-2-ynylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazine (5). Transformation of5 to 3-methylidene-2,3-dihydro-9H-thiazolo[2,3-c][1,2,4]benzotriazine (6) was performed in the presence of a palladium salt.

Regioselective annelation of 3-(prop-2-ynylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazine to thiazolo[2,3- c ][1,2,4]benzotriazine

Lewis acid site on silica-supported antimony(III) chloride (SbCl3/SiO2) acts as a highly efficient catalyst, even for low activity substrates, in the preparation of quinoxaline derivatives. The results of TG-DTA and BET indicated that dispersed SbCl3 coordinates with surface hydroxyl groups leading to formation-O–Sb–Cl as stable Lewis acid sites under the reaction condition. This user-friendly catalyst was found to be reusable without any loss of activity. The fact that SbCl3 did not leach makes SbCl3/SiO2 as alternative heterogeneous acid catalyst to the conventional homogeneous acids at room temperature. The wide range of turnover frequency values (11–800 h−1) shows that reaction rate is highly dependent on the nature of the functional groups on the aromatic ring of substrates. Lewis acid site on silica-supported antimony(III) chloride (SbCl3/SiO2) acts as a highly efficient catalyst, even for low activity substrates, in the preparation of quinoxaline derivatives. The results of TG-DTA and BET indicated that dispersed SbCl3 coordinates with surface hydroxyl groups leading to formation-O–Sb–Cl as stable Lewis acid sites under the reaction condition. This user-friendly catalyst was found to be reusable without any loss of activity. The fact that SbCl3 did not leach makes SbCl3/SiO2 as alternative heterogeneous acid catalyst to the conventional homogeneous acids at room temperature. The wide range of turnover frequency values (11–800 h−1) shows that reaction rate is highly dependent on the nature of the functional groups on the aromatic ring of substrates.

Kioumars Aghapoor

Papers

A recyclable and highly effective sulfamic acid/meoh catalytic system for the synthesis of quinoxalines at room temperature

Silica-supported bismuth(III) chloride as a new recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the Paal–Knorr pyrrole synthesis

The rapid synthesis of thiomorpholides by willgerodt-kindler reaction under microwave heating

Regioselective annelation of 3-(prop-2-ynylsulfanyl)-1,2,4-benzotriazine to thiazolo[2,3- c ][1,2,4]benzotriazine

Silica-Supported Antimony(III) Chloride as Highly Effective and Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Quinoxalines