Koshy Varghese

Abstract: Lean is a culture-based management system essentially aimed at waste elimination, thereby creating value for the customer. It is a transformation journey and to evaluate the progress on this journey at any time, the achieved state of maturity has to be assessed. We argue that Lean Construction management spans three stages or phases Physical (Activity-based) Manifestation, Behavioral (Culture-based) Manifestation and Strategic (Long-term) Manifestation. To evaluate the progress on this journey and assess the state of Lean maturity achieved across a project or the entire organization at any stage, a host of factors needs to be considered. The distinctive factors relating to each of the above three stages are initially identified by literature survey and interviews. These factors are then assigned with different individual weights through findings from a detailed questionnaire survey. A weighted factor model is then developed to assess the overall maturity at project and organizational levels. The Lean scores for the various factors are shown on a Spider Radar and a bar chart and overall maturity level is plotted on a normative Lean maturity progression curve spanning across the three stages. The model was developed based on data collected from 25 Lean practitioners across six organizations, which are implementing Lean construction in their sites. The model was then applied to projects of four different organizations and the Lean Construction Maturity Ratings were calculated. These scores were then discussed with experts to validate whether the scores appropriately reflected, in an overall qualitative sense, the Lean maturity of the projects surveyed. In view of the low level of spread of Lean practices across the Industry in this country, assessment of Lean maturity across an entire organization has not been taken up so far. 1 Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, yeshwant0311@gmail.com 2 Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India,koshy@iitm.ac.in 3 Professor of Practice, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India,nraghavan@iitm.ac.in Framework for Progressive Evaluation of Lean Construction Maturity using Multi-Dimensional Matrix People, Culture and Change 371

Abstract: Despite significant experience with lean, the construction sector still fails to grasp the nettle and cannot keep up with other sector’s rates of improvement. Ad hoc deployment of tools and techniques are common, but business transformations appear extremely rare. The research approach rests upon a focused literature review, examining the concept of Lean Construction transformation in the context of culture change, together with a single case study of the world’s first business to achieve certification to the Lean ISO18404 standard. Key learning points from the case study were derived by structured interviews with construction staff directly involved and by noting similarities of the lean deployment to recommendations made in the literature. It is concluded that ISO 18404 is appropriate for the construction sector and could provide a useful roadmap to those seeking business transformation. Limitations and recommendations for further work and research are offered.

Abstract: Goal: This research aim is to answer the question: which Maturity Model (MM) is suitable to evaluate LC implantation in Brazilian Small-Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) of construction. Design / Methodology / Approach: A literature review was carried out to identify MM related to LC. Then, a case study was conducted applying selected MM in one SME located in Sao Paulo country town state. The data collection was carried out from April to August of 2018 with professionals of the construction company. A content analysis was used to lead the suited MM through the case study outcomes. Results: The case study results were analyzed and guide to the suitable MM for this scenario. Improvements to the MM and complementary tools for companies starting on LC implementation are discussed. It was verified that the elected MM has many advantages and can be used in different Brazilian SME of construction. Limitations of the investigation: The MM assessment cover just one project and the content analysis classification criteria embrace this project issues and the experience provide by this application. Practical implications: This paper point out the suitable MM to be used by construction practitioners in Brazilian construction projects that are starting lean implementation an SME seeking to meet the gap of elect one model to fill this goal and spread lean philosophy in this scenario. Originality / Value: This paper contributes to the LC body of knowledge discussing the individuality of Brazilian SME construction projects and the challenge of choosing the MM that fit these companies, leading to method selection criteria that support this issue.

Abstract: Identifying lean construction (LC) practice variants can facilitate LC benchmarking and adoption, provided that national institutional influences on LC practices are acknowledged. Given tha...

Abstract: Lean construction (LC) is becoming prevalent, and assessment of the level of LC implementation is vital for organizations to realize their full potential. In meeting that need, lean construction maturity models (LCMMs) play a key role. However, there is less evidence of critical reviews in spite of the significant number of LCMMs available. Therefore, this study was initiated with the aim of systematically reviewing the literature on existing lean-construction-related maturity models (MMs) through a critical review. The study adopted the PRISMA method to review 24 such models using manual content analysis. The study revealed the most common attributes among the models, along with their key strengths and weaknesses. The findings of this study can be directly used to develop more robust LCMMs and enhance the knowledge base on theoretical underpinnings. From an industry perspective, the findings assist organizations to more effectively assess LC maturity. The study invites further research on the area of LC maturity and advocates for developing new MMs addressing these areas identified for improvement.