XI. STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING DIABETES CARE D iabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuing medical care and patient self-management education to prevent acute complications and to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Diabetes care is complex and requires that many issues, beyond glycemic control, be addressed. A large body of evidence exists that supports a range of interventions to improve diabetes outcomes. These standards of care are intended to provide clinicians, patients, researchers, payors, and other interested individuals with the components of diabetes care, treatment goals, and tools to evaluate the quality of care. While individual preferences, comorbidities, and other patient factors may require modification of goals, targets that are desirable for most patients with diabetes are provided. These standards are not intended to preclude more extensive evaluation and management of the patient by other specialists as needed. For more detailed information, refer to Bode (Ed.): Medical Management of Type 1 Diabetes (1), Burant (Ed): Medical Management of Type 2 Diabetes (2), and Klingensmith (Ed): Intensive Diabetes Management (3). The recommendations included are diagnostic and therapeutic actions that are known or believed to favorably affect health outcomes of patients with diabetes. A grading system (Table 1), developed by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations. The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after each recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E.

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes

Objective: Despite growing interest in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about its prevalence or correlates. Method: A screen for adult ADHD was included in a probability subsample (N=3,199) of 18–44-year-old respondents in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication, a nationally representative household survey that used a lay-administered diagnostic interview to assess a wide range of DSM-IV disorders. Blinded clinical follow-up interviews of adult ADHD were carried out with 154 respondents, oversampling those with positive screen results. Multiple imputation was used to estimate prevalence and correlates of clinician-assessed adult ADHD. Results: The estimated prevalence of current adult ADHD was 4.4%. Significant correlates included being male, previously married, unemployed, and non-Hispanic white. Adult ADHD was highly comorbid with many other DSM-IV disorders assessed in the survey and was associated with substantial role impairment. The majority of cases were u...

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The prevalence and correlates of adult ADHD in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication.

25. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. By D. B. Rubin. ISBN 0 471 08705 X. Wiley, Chichester, 1987. 258 pp. £30.25.

Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys

Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires

Molecular Genetics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Pdb49 patterns of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycaemic control among patients with type-2 diabetes in the uk

Pdb37/dbi: patient-reported utilities/disutilities associated with treatments for type 2 diabetes

Hp8 patient characterics, glycemic control, and the use of antidiabetic agents among individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes: evidence from the uk

Pdb20 blood glucose monitoring recommendations and practices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a survey of health care professionalsand patients in the uk

Kristina Secnik

Papers

Pdb49 patterns of blood glucose monitoring in relation to glycaemic control among patients with type-2 diabetes in the uk

Pdb37/dbi: patient-reported utilities/disutilities associated with treatments for type 2 diabetes

Hp8 patient characterics, glycemic control, and the use of antidiabetic agents among individuals diagnosed with type-2 diabetes: evidence from the uk

Pdb20 blood glucose monitoring recommendations and practices in patients with type 2 diabetes: a survey of health care professionalsand patients in the uk

Pdb10 type-2 diabetes in germany: prevalence and medication use