The problem of distributing gas through a network of pipelines is formulated as a cost minimization subject to nonlinear flow-pressure relations, material balances, and pressure bounds. The solution method is based on piecewise linear approximations of the nonlinear flow-pressure relations. The approximated problem is solved by an extension of the Simplex method. The solution method is tested on real-world data and compared with alternative solution methods.

The gas transmission problem solved by an extension of the simplex algorithm

Natural flavonoids, especially in their glycosylated forms, are the most abundant phenolic compounds found in plants, fruit, and vegetables They exhibit a large variety of beneficial physiological effects, which makes them generally interesting in a broad spectrum of scientific areas In this review, we focus on recent advances in the modifications of the glycosidic parts of various flavonoids employing glycosidases, covering both selective trimming of the sugar moieties and glycosylation of flavonoid aglycones by natural and mutant glycosidases Glycosylation of flavonoids strongly enhances their water solubility and thus increases their bioavailability Antioxidant and most biological activities are usually less pronounced in glycosides, but some specific bioactivities are enhanced The presence of l-rhamnose (6-deoxy-α-l-mannopyranose) in rhamnosides, rutinosides (rutin, hesperidin) and neohesperidosides (naringin) plays an important role in properties of flavonoid glycosides, which can be considered as “pro-drugs” The natural hydrolytic activity of glycosidases is widely employed in biotechnological deglycosylation processes producing respective aglycones or partially deglycosylated flavonoids Moreover, deglycosylation is quite commonly used in the food industry aiming at the improvement of sensoric properties of beverages such as debittering of citrus juices or enhancement of wine aromas Therefore, natural and mutant glycosidases are excellent tools for modifications of flavonoid glycosides

https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/19/7/2126/pdf

“Sweet Flavonoids”: Glycosidase-Catalyzed Modifications

The topic of the article considers the functioning of the renewable energy (RE) sector in Poland. This is really important in the context of the energy transition of the national economy because it influences the creation of modern technologies and increases the competitiveness and innovation of the country. Poland is in a process of energy transition where the RE sector has been developing for two decades. The authors aimed to research the RE sector improvement possibilities in Poland, including the influence of this sector on chosen social and economic aspects. Because of this research’s aim a critical situation assessment of RE in Poland was conducted and a survey of a group of experts in this field was also involved. Legal, physical and mental determinants and their influence on RE sector were looked into. In the legal determinant context a necessity to simplify relevant legislation acts in Poland was found. Undoubtedly there is a need to improve several legal acts, including the Distance Act. In physical determinants it was found that solar, wind and biomass energy have the biggest chances for development. In the case of mental determinants the authors paid attention to the need of educating the public about using and obtaining energy. It is also important to make people aware how the RE sector influences the low emission economy positively. This will improve the creation of new jobs and reduce the emissions of harmful substances to the environment.

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2046/pdf

Energy Transition in Poland—Assessment of the Renewable Energy Sector

Supercritical geothermal systems are very high-temperature geothermal systems that are located at depths near or below the brittle–ductile transition zone in the crust where the reservoir fluid is assumed to be in the supercritical state, that is for pure water, temperature and pressure are, respectively, in excess of 374 °C and 221 bar. These systems have garnered attention in recent years as a possible type of unconventional geothermal resource due to their very high enthalpy fluids. Supercritical conditions are often found at the roots of volcanic-hosted hydrothermal systems. More than 25 deep wells drilled in geothermal fields such as The Geysers, Salton Sea, and on Hawaii (USA), Kakkonda (Japan), Larderello (Italy), Krafla (Iceland), Los Humeros (Mexico), and Menengai (Kenya) have encountered temperatures in excess of 374 °C, and in some cases have encountered magma. Although fluid entries were documented for some of these wells, it remains an open question if permeability can be maintained at high enthalpy conditions. The IDDP-1 well at Krafla encountered magma, and ended up producing very high enthalpy fluids; however, these fluids were very corrosive and abrasive. Innovative drilling and well completion techniques are therefore needed to deal with the extreme temperatures and aggressive fluid chemistry compositions of these systems. New efforts are underway in Japan (northern Honshu), Italy (Larderello), Iceland (Reykjanes peninsula and Krafla), Mexico (Los Humeros), USA (Newberry), and New Zealand (Taupo Volcanic Zone) to investigate supercritical systems. Here, we review past studies, describe current research efforts, and outline the challenges and potential opportunities that these systems provide for international collaboration to ultimately utilize supercritical geothermal systems as a geothermal energy resource.

Utilizing supercritical geothermal systems : a review of pas ventures and ongoing research activities

Geothermal-solar integrated groundwater desalination system: Current status and future perspective

Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in oil and gas industry

Applications of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery

The world requires genuine endeavors for gradual introduction of sustainable power sources to satisfy the future energy needs. Renewable energy (RE) of enormous capacity exists at various geological locations but suffers from intermittent nature. In such situations, one RE can complement other and improve the system’s efficiency. This is an example of valorization where hybridization improves the quality of a commodity. It has been found out that hybrid of two or more technologies, alongside storage can improve framework efficiency. The hybrid energy sources follows up on the idea of circular economy where the circular progression of resource–product–recycled​ resources is planned for decreasing both the utilization of raw materials and waste generation. It has been found that despite the fact that such projects are expensive at the beginning; in long term they prove to be advantageous. The paper discusses about the hybrids done so far and through case studies and economic analysis. It also suggests which hybrid arrangements can assist each other. The present study examines the major problems associated with hybrid renewable energy and identifies the solutions. The paper comes up with a novel low cost hybrid solution of solar and geothermal which is implemented in the geothermal plant in Gujarat, India. It is discussed that the concept of hybrid renewable energy when put into a circular economy model, would give solutions that are affordable, practical and provides societal benefits.

Holistic review of hybrid renewable energy in circular economy for valorization and management

Selection of working fluid for low enthalpy heat source Organic Rankine Cycle in Dholera, Gujarat, India

Increasing demand of energy leads India to switch from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources. Geothermal energy is one such source of energy which is getting explored with time. Literature survey show that geothermal energy is nascent stage in India. Exploration of geothermal survey started long back but exploitation of the same is limited. However, with at the preliminary stage Geological Survey of India has found around 340 hot springs across India. These hot springs are categorised into five major classes based on their tectonic features. This paper reviews a complete review of the works carried out in India for geothermal energy by various organizations. It highlights the different geothermal potential zones in India. It also talks about the temperature conditions of these potential zones along with geochemistry. The government organisation like GSI, NGRI and MNRE are the leading bodies for exploration and exploitation of geothermal in India. The aim of this paper is to promote geothermal energy in India for societal benefits. The paper discusses about the local development and use of geothermal water in various regions of India. It also narrates that how the geothermal water can be used for balneology, power generation, space cooling and heating, crop drying, honey processing etc. for societal development.

Kriti Yadav

Papers

Application of machine learning and artificial intelligence in oil and gas industry

Applications of nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery

Holistic review of hybrid renewable energy in circular economy for valorization and management

Selection of working fluid for low enthalpy heat source Organic Rankine Cycle in Dholera, Gujarat, India

Geothermal energy provinces in India: A renewable heritage