Polymer-based sensors: A review

The simulation modeling and the control of real plant are two-very often separated-fields of mechatronic practice, research and education. The deep gap between simulation world of controlled system and practical implementation in e.g. embedded hardware can be bridged through the use of special hardware and software directly in MATLAB/Simulink environment. This paper presents the review of available tools with respect to their usability, sampling rate capability, the necessary software needs and also the financial requirements. Most of approaches require the C code generation using Real-Time Workshop. However e.g. the Real-Time Toolbox works directly with normal mode of Simulink which can be especially recommended for the educational applications. The paper briefly describes several case studies where undergraduate students can deal with real educational models without previous knowledge of the real-time systems. The list of available hardware and software tools is not complete but includes all important approaches: low cost general purpose I/O card with/without C code generation, high-performance hardware for comfort rapid prototyping or hardware-in-the-loop simulation and code generation for embedded targets (16 or 32bit microcontrollers or DSP).

Real-Time Control Prototyping in MATLAB/Simulink: Review of tools for research and education in mechatronics

Over the last two decades, commercially available computer has become both increasingly powerful and increasingly affordable This, in turn, has led to the emergence of highly sophisticated simulation software applications that not only enable high-fidelity simulation of dynamic systems and related controls, but also automatic code generation for implementation in industrial controllers Today, electric drives, power electronic systems and their controls are getting more and more complex, and their use is widely increasing in all sectors: power systems, traction, hybrid vehicles, industrial and home electronics, automotive, naval and aerospace systems, etc Advances in Microprocessors, Microcomputers, Microcontrollers such as DSP, FPGA, dSPACE etc and Power Semiconductor devices have made tremendous impact on electric motor drives Due to advancement of the software tools like MATLAB/SIMULINK with its Real Time Workshop (RTW) and Real Time Windows Target (RTWT), real time simulators are used extensively in many engineering fields, such as industry, education and research institutions As consequences, inclusion of the real time simulation applications in modern engineering provides great help for the researcher and academicians A case is made to present overview of the Real Time Simulations of Electrical Machine Drives possibility of including these techniques in modern engineering and practices This paper will also discuss various real time simulation techniques such as Real Time Laboratory (RT Lab) Rapid Control Prototyping (RCP) and Hardware in the Loop (HIL) can be used in a modern engineering

Real time control of electrical machine drives: A review

In order to compete in the global market, engineering organizations are under increasing pressure to design, develop, and deploy products in the market place as quickly as possible with first time quality. In order to achieve these objectives, it is necessary to streamline the design and development process, namely, “transfer of analytical design of Intelligence to Mechatronics intelligence” in an efficient and expedient manner. An increasing pressure exists on the development cycle of control systems to serve this widening application spectrum. The time-to-market of a new product often determines its commercial success. Consequently, design problems have to be discovered as early as possible in the design process in order to take remedial actions. Efficient and accurate tools and procedures are required to support short yet successful development processes. Over the last two decades, commercially available computer has become both increasingly powerful and increasingly affordable. This, in turn, has led to the emergence of highly sophisticated simulation software applications that not only enable high-fidelity simulation of dynamic systems and related controls, but also automatic code generation for implementation in industrial controllers. Simulation tools have been widely used for the design and improvement of electrical systems since the mid twentieth century. The evolution of simulation tools has progressed in step with the evolution of computing technologies. In last ten years, computing technologies have improved dramatically in performance and become widely available at a steadily decreasing cost. Consequently, simulation tools have also seen dramatic performance gains and steady cost decreases. Researchers and engineers now have access to affordable, high-performance simulation tools that were previously too cost prohibitive, except for the largest manufacturers and utilities. The purpose of this paper is to review major milestones that set the stage for the development of the today's real time simulation including sufficient detail to acquaint reader with their basic principles, strength, challenges and its applications.

Real time simulation: Recent progress & challenges

The present work addresses the modelling, control, and simulation of a microgrid integrated wind power system with Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) using a hybrid energy storage system. In order to improve the quality of the waveforms (voltages and currents) supplied to the grid, instead of a two level-inverter, the rotor of the DFIG is supplied using a three-level inverter. A new adaptive algorithm based on combined Direct Reactive Power Control (DRPC) and fuzzy logic controls techniques is applied to the proposed topology. In this work, two topologies are proposed. In the first one, the active power injected into the grid is smoothened by using an economical hybrid battery and supercapacitor energy storage system. However, in the second one, the excess wind energy is used to produce and store the hydrogen, and then a solid oxide fuel cell system (SOFC) is utilized to regenerate electricity by using the stored hydrogen when there is not enough wind energy. To avoid overcharging, deep discharging of batteries, to mitigate fluctuations due to wind speed variations, and to fulfil the requirement of the load profile, a power management algorithm is implemented. This algorithm ensures smooth output power in the first topology and service continuity in the second. The modelling and simulation results are presented and analysed using Matlab/Simulink.

Energy Management System for Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Fuel Cell in Microgrid-Based Hydrogen and Economical Hybrid Battery/Super Capacitor Energy Storage

This paper presents an application of an Android device to control a laboratory Antilock Breaking System (ABS). The controllers to avoid the locking of the wheel are considered. The architecture of Android OS is given. The discussion is focused on the features of the Android helpful to build real-time control systems. The mobile phone acts as a controller performing the control algorithm of avoiding the locks of the wheel. The controller application is implemented in Java which is the basic Android development language. The controller use only standard system functions without the use of real-time extensions. The results of experiments show punctuality of control task running on Android. Also the braking experiments are given. The conclusions include comments on the applicability of Android devices as a platform for real-time control.

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Application of Android OS as Real-time Control Platform

Zastosowanie tłumika magnetoreologicznego w tłumieniu drgań

This paper presents an algorithm for finding the optimal control for a current controller that operates as a part of a control system of a shunt active power filter. The algorithm is based upon the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions for finding an optimal value where control signal is limited and constraints create a cube. The explicit solution of the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker problem is presented and simplified calculations are given to lower calculation complexity. The presented Karush–Kuhn–Tucker algorithm is compared with a classical PI controller. It is given the algorithm for finding the optimal parameters of the PI controller and the behavior of the PI controller is compared with the presented algorithm. Attention has been paid to the saturation of controllers in commutation states of load currents, which has a negative impact on the final performance of the controllers and the controlled shunt active power filter. The paper also presents the software and hardware platforms applied to run the presented algorithms in real-time. For both controllers, the shunt active power filter response is shown using real experimental results. The results of the experiments prove better behavior regarding the presented algorithm, especially in the case of commutative load currents, where the output signals from other controllers become saturated.

A New Optimal Current Controller for a Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Conditions

Sterowanie nadrzędne węzłem cieplnym

The paper is an attempt to interest the reader how to control real-time mechatronic systems under the MS Windows operating system. The authors refer to solutions that combine a software part and a hardware using the FPGA technology, together forming a comprehensive platform for the control purposes in the real-time. The main emphasis is placed on the authors' own designs and constructions. Lectures and laboratory experiments must be conducted hand in hand. Such is the message to facilitate the Automatic Control education. Research works have been carried out in the Department of Automatics at the University of Science and Technology (AGH).

Krzysztof Kołek

Papers

Application of Android OS as Real-time Control Platform

Zastosowanie tłumika magnetoreologicznego w tłumieniu drgań

A New Optimal Current Controller for a Three-Phase Shunt Active Power Filter Based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker Conditions

Sterowanie nadrzędne węzłem cieplnym

Laboratory real-time systems to facilitate automatic control education and research