Power consumption is forecast by the International Technology Roadmap of Semiconductors (ITRS) to pose long-term technical challenges for the semiconductor industry. The purpose of this paper is threefold: (1) to provide an overview of strategies for powering MEMS via non-regenerative and regenerative power supplies; (2) to review the fundamentals of piezoelectric energy harvesting, along with recent advancements, and (3) to discuss future trends and applications for piezoelectric energy harvesting technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of research needs that are critical for the enhancement of piezoelectric energy harvesting devices.

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Powering MEMS portable devices—a review of non-regenerative and regenerative power supply systems with special emphasis on piezoelectric energy harvesting systems

Active control of FGM plates with integrated piezoelectric sensors and actuators

On laminated composite plates with integrated sensors and actuators

Lagrangian dynamics of mechanical systems 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Kinetic state functions 1.3 Generalized coordinates, kinematic constraints 1.4 The principle of virtual work 1.5 D'Alembert's principle 1.6 Hamilton's principle 1.7 Lagrange's equations 1.8 Lagrange's equations with constraints 1.9 Conservation laws 1.10 More on continuous systems 1.11 References 2 Dynamics of electrical networks 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Constitutive equations for circuit elements 2.3 Kirchhoff's laws 2.4 Hamilton's principle for electrical networks 2.5 Lagrange's equations 2.6 References 3 Electromechanical Systems 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Constitutive relations for transducers 3.3 Hamilton's Principle 3.4 Lagrange's equations 3.5 Examples 3.6 General electromechanical transducer 3.7 References 4 Piezoelectric Systems 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Piezoelectric transducer 4.3 Constitutive relations of a discrete transducer 4.4 Structure with a discrete piezoelectric transducer 4.5 Multiple transducer systems 4.6 General piezoelectric structure 4.7 Piezoelectric material 4.8 Hamilton's principle 4.9 Rosen's piezoelectric transformer 4. 10 References 5 Piezoelectric laminates 5.1 Piezoelectric beam actuator 5.2 Laminar sensor 5.3 Spatial modal filters 5.4 Active beam with collocated actuator-sensor 5.5 Piezoelectric laminates 5.6 References 6 Active and Passive Damping with Piezoelectric Transducers 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Active strut, open-loop FRF 6.3 Active damping via 1FF 6.4 Admittance of the piezoelectric transducer 6.5 Damping via resistive shunting 6.6 Inductive shunting 6.7 Decentralized control 6.8 General piezoelectric structure 6.9 Self-sensing 6.10 Other active damping strategies 6.11 Remark 6.12 References Bibliography Index

Mechatronics: Dynamics of Electromechanical and Piezoelectric Systems

Recent research advances in the dynamic behavior of shells: 1989-2000, Part 1: Laminated composite shells

A discrete-layer shell theory and associated finite element model is constructed for general laminated piezoelectric composite shells The discrete-layer shell theory is based on linear piezoelectricity and accounts for general through-thickness variations of displacement and electrostatic potential by implementing one-dimensional piece-wise continuous Lagrange interpolation approximations over a specified number of sublayers The formulation applies to shells of general shape and lamination Initially, the static and dynamic behavior of a simply supported flat plate is studied to compare with available exact solutions, with excellent agreement being obtained Static loading and free vibration of a cylindrical ring are then considered to evaluate the element and to study the fundamental behavior of active/sensory piezoelectric shells

Layerwise mechanics and finite element model for laminated piezoelectric shells

The problem of detecting and characterizing cracks in solids is a major research area involving contributions from mathematics, physics, mechanics, and materials science.

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2619&context=qnde

Artificial Crack in Steel: An Ultrasonic-Resonance-Spectroscopy and Modeling Study

In the present study we approached this problem from both measurement and modeling viewpoints. In the measurements, we used ultrasonic-resonance spectroscopy to determine the macroscopic-vibration-frequency shifts caused by an artificial (electromachined) crack. The modeling used a finite-element method to approximate the macroscopic vibration frequencies of a cracked solid. As a check, we used the Ritz method to calculate the frequencies of the noncracked solid. MEASUREMENTS Specimen As a specimen material, we chose an AISI-304 steel polycrystal, which showed an Archimedes-method mass density of 7.898 g/cm3 • We prepared a rectangular-parallelepiped specimen, approximately 0.5 x 1.0 x 1.4 cm. Longitudinal- wave and shear-wave pulse-echo sound-velocity measurements verified the material's elastic isotropy within 1% and gave the following elastic constants: Young modulus 199.6 GPa, shear modulus 77.4 GPa, bulk modulus 158.2 GPa, Poisson ratio 0.290.

Kuang-Chih Pei

Papers

Layerwise mechanics and finite element model for laminated piezoelectric shells

Artificial Crack in Steel: An Ultrasonic-Resonance-Spectroscopy and Modeling Study

Artificial crack in steel: an ultrasonic-resonance-