Statistical Methods For Agricultural Workers

Zinc (Zn) is one of the most essential micronutrients required for the growth and development of human beings. More than one billion people, particularly children and pregnant women suffer from Zn deficiency related health problems in Asia. Rice is the major staple food for Asians, but the presently grown popular high yielding rice varieties are poor supplier of Zn in their polished form. Breeding rice varieties with high grain Zn has been suggested to be a sustainable, targeted, food-based and cost effective approach in alleviating Zn deficiency. The physiological, genetic and molecular mechanisms of Zn homeostasis have been well studied, but these mechanisms need to be characterized from a biofortification perspective and should be well integrated with the breeding processes. There is a significant variation for grain Zn in rice germplasm and efforts are being directed at exploiting this variation through breeding to develop high Zn rice varieties. Several QTLs and gene specific markers have been identified for grain Zn and there is a great potential to use them in Marker-Assisted Breeding. A thorough characterization of genotype and environmental interactions is essential to identify key environmental factors influencing grain Zn. Agronomic biofortification has shown inconsistent results, but a combination of genetic and agronomic biofortification strategies may be more effective. Significant progress has been made in developing high Zn rice lines for release in target countries. A holistic breeding approach involving high Zn trait development, high Zn product development, product testing and release, including bioefficacy and bioavailability studies is essential for successful Zn biofortification.

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Advances in breeding for high grain Zinc in Rice.

In-vitro Androgenesis in Rice: Advantages, Constraints and Future Prospects

The analysis of variance was found to be highly significant for all the 13 Quantitative and 19 Quality traits in rice indicating that enough variability is present in the studied material. Among the desirable quantitative traits grain yield per plant (30.52%; 31.18%), filled grain per panicle (26.05%; 26.86%), were found to have high GCV and PCV while alkali spreading value (49.55%; 49.90%), gel consistency (42.72%; 43.67%), water uptake (24.59%; 25.33%) showed high GCV and PCV among quality traits of rice. Almost all the characters showed a little variation between PCV and GCV revealing little influence of the environment in the expression of these traits. The characters showing high GCV and PCV were found to be highly heritable coupled with high genetic advance. These characters are governed by additive gene action and one should go for direct selection for these traits.

Genetic variability analysis for various yield attributing and quality traits in rice (o. sativa l.)

Name of the Author : M. VENKATA LAKSHMI Title of Thesis : GENETIC DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.) Faculty : Agriculture Major Field of Study : Genetics and Plant Breeding Chairperson : Dr. Y. SUNEETHA University : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission : 2013 The present investigation entitled “Genetic divergence analysis in rice (Oryza sativa L.) was undertaken at College Farm, Agricultural College, Naira, Srikakulam during Kharif 2012. The experimental material comprised of 70 genotypes and were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were recorded on days to 50 per cent flowering, days to maturity, number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, panicle length, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel length, kernel breadth and L/B ratio. The main objectives of the investigation were to study the genetic diversity present in the material for selection of diverse parents, to estimate the genetic parameters among the genotypes for yield and quality traits and the extent of association between yield, its components and quality characters including the direct and indirect effects. The analysis of variance revealed significant variation among the genotypes for all the traits studied, indicating the existence of sufficient variability in the material under study. High GCV and PCV values were observed for grain yield per plant while moderate values were noticed for number of effective tillers per plant, plant height, number of grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, kernel breadth and L/B ratio. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed for number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, number of grains per panicle, 1000grain weight, grain yield per plant, kernel breadth and L/B ratio, which indicated the pre-dominance of additive gene action in the inheritance of these traits. The high estimates of heritability coupled with low genetic advance as per cent of mean were noticed for days to maturity indicating the presence of non-additive gene effects, in addition to environmental influence. The genotypes studied were grouped into nine clusters based on the genetic divergence studies. Among the nine clusters, cluster IV was the largest comprising of 14 genotypes, representing collections from different centres of the country. The distribution pattern of genotypes into different clusters revealed no parallelism between genetic and geographic diversity. Maximum intra cluster D 2 values were recorded for Cluster IX indicating the genotypes in the cluster to be more divergent. Further, highest inter-cluster divergence was noticed between cluster II and IX, indicating that genotypes from these clusters were highly divergent meriting due consideration in selection of parents from these clusters for hybridization. Further, L/B ratio was noticed to contribute maximum, followed by number of grains per panicle, kernel length and plant height towards the total divergence indicating the need to emphasis on these traits in the selection of parents for hybridization. A perusal of the results on character associations for grain yield, yield components and quality characters revealed grain yield per plant to be positively and significantly associated with days to maturity, number of productive tillers per plant, plant height and kernel length indicating importance of these traits as selection criteria in yield improvement programmes. An analysis of the path coefficient results also revealed high direct effect of kernel length, number of ear bearing tiller per plant, plant height and days to maturity on grain yield indicating the effectiveness of direct selection for these traits. The study also revealed the potential of CR 2986-2-3-1-1-1 and CR 2942-112 genotypes for grain yield per plant in addition to panicle length, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight indicating their scope for use in different hybridization programmes and the genotypes RP BIO 4919-194, R 1521-880-1-37-1, CN 1476-8178-19-8 and OM 5637 are identified as promising genotypes for improving the yield. Chapter

GENETIC DIVERGENCE ANALYSIS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

The present investigation is carried out to study the correlation and path analysis in twenty one popular hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Character association of the yield attributing traits revealed significantly positive association of grain yield per plant with number of productive tillers per plant. Hence, selection for these traits can improve yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that panicle length and number of productive tillers per plant exhibited positive direct effect on yield. Among these characters, number of productive tillers per plant possessed both positive association and high direct effects. Hence, selection for this character could bring improvement in yield and yield components.

http://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_mar2012/ijsrp-Mar-2012-101.pdf

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Popular Rice Hybrids of India

The present investigation is carried out to study the genetic parameters for yield, yield attributing, quality and nutritional characters in twenty one rice hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the traits under study. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle, number of chaffy grains per panicle and iron content exhibited high Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) and Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV). Small differences between GCV and PCV were recorded for all the characters studied which indicated less influence of environment on these characters. The characters viz., number of filled grains per panicle and water uptake exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance indicating that simple selection could be effective for improving these characters.

http://www.ijsrp.org/research_paper_jun2012/ijsrp-June-2012-23.pdf

Genetic Variability Studies for Qualitative and Quantitative traits in Popular Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids of India

Genotypic differences in grain quality including protein, micronutrient concentrations and few of the yield attributing parameters of twenty one popular rice hybrids were assessed. The data revealed huge variations in grain quality among the hybrids. All hybrids tested have statistically similar milling percentage (70.172.9 per cent). Head rice recovery of PA 6444 being the highest (70.9 per cent) at par with 15 hybrids was significantly higher than Sahyadri-4, Indirasona, HSD-1 and CORH-3. Most of the grain types of the hybrids were classified as long slender types. Highest water uptake was exhibited with Pusa RH-10 and PSD-3. Protein content varied by 4.05 per cent among the hybrids ranging from 5.74 per cent in PSD 3 (lowest) to 9.79 per cent in DRRH-2 (highest). Mean micronutrient iron concentration of hybrids (68.4 ppm) was found to be 1.83 times that of zinc (37.3 ppm). Two hybrids with both high iron and zinc concentration (DRRH-2 with 125.8 ppm and 43.8 ppm; and Sahyadri-4 with 104.8 and 43.0 ppm) were identified. Index Terms Hybrid Rice, Nutrition, Quality and Yield

http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-1301/ijsrp-p1374.pdf

Kuldeep Singh Dangi

Papers

Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Popular Rice Hybrids of India

Genetic Variability Studies for Qualitative and Quantitative traits in Popular Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids of India

Evaluation of Popular Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Hybrids for Quantitative, Qualitative and Nutritional Aspects