Reflected imaging is used to perform non-invasive, in vivo analysis of a subject's vascular system. A raw reflected image (110) is normalized with respect to the background to form a corrected reflected image (120). An analysis image (130) is segmented from the corrected reflected image to include a scene of interest for analysis. The method and apparatus can be used to determine such characteristics as the hemoglobin concentration per unit volume of blood, the number of white blood cells per unit volume of blood, a mean cell volume, the number of platelets per unit volume of blood, and the hematocrit. Cross-polarizers (1510 and 1520) can be used to improve visualization of the reflected image.

Method and apparatus for reflected imaging analysis

An analytical element for quantitatively determining high levels of glucose in blood is made by (a) impregnating a carrier with a first solution, having dissolved therein 4-aminoantipyrine and 3-hydroxy-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid or 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxy-benzene sulfonic acid or salts thereof, a glucose oxidase and a peroxidase, and drying the carrier; and (b) applying to the carrier a second solution of a film-forming agent in a volatile solvent, and drying to remove the volatile solvent and leave a film over the dried first impregnant.

High glucose-determining analytical element

Strain A2 is an anaerobic, variably Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming, small and irregularly rod-shaped bacterium from the ruminal fluid of a sheep that has been described informally as a representative of ‘Olsenella (basonym Atopobium) oviles’. Three phenotypically similar bacterial strains (lac15, lac16 and lac31T) were isolated in concert with Veillonella magna lac18T from the mucosal jejunum of a pig. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T formed a genetically coherent group (100 % interstrain sequence similarity) within the bigeneric Olsenella–Atopobium branch of the family Coriobacteriaceae, class Actinobacteria. This group was most closely related to the type strains of the two recognized Olsenella species, namely Olsenella uli (sequence similarity of 96.85 %) and Olsenella profusa (sequence similarity of 97.20 %). The sequence similarity to the type strain of Atopobium minutum, the type species of the genus Atopobium, was 92.33 %. Unlike those of O. uli and O. profusa, outgrown colonies of strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T were opaque and greyish-white with an umbonate elevation on solid culture media. The four novel strains were characterized as being well-adapted and presumably indigenous to the gastrointestinal tract of homoeothermic vertebrates: they were mesophilic, microaerotolerant, neutrophilic and acidotolerant, bile-resistant, mucin-utilizing and markedly peptidolytic lactic acid bacteria. The results of DNA–DNA hybridizations, cellular fatty acid analysis and other differential phenotypic (physiological and biochemical) tests confirmed that strains A2, lac15, lac16 and lac31T represent a novel species of the genus Olsenella. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic results, we therefore describe Olsenella umbonata sp. nov., with lac31T ( = CCUG 58604T  = DSM 22620T  = JCM 16156T) as the type strain and A2 ( = CCUG 58212  = DSM 22619  = JCM 16157) as an additionally available reference strain. Also, based on our data, we propose emended descriptions of the genus Olsenella and the species Olsenella uli and Olsenella profusa.

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Olsenella umbonata sp. nov., a microaerotolerant anaerobic lactic acid bacterium from the sheep rumen and pig jejunum, and emended descriptions of Olsenella, Olsenella uli and Olsenella profusa

Hydrogen peroxide concentrations have been determined in marine rain from the Gulf of Mexico (114–820×10−7mol L−1, =402×10−7mol L−1, s=218×10−7mol L−1), the western Atlantic Ocean (84–206×10−7mol L−1, =127×10−7mol L−1, s=45×10−7mol L−1), and one rain event off the Florida Keys (x¯=284×10−7mol L−1, s=38×10−7mol L−1). In several cases, simultaneous measurements of the concentration of H2O2 in the surface ocean were also determined. These measurements were made with the ship under way using a continuous flow sampling system with the intake at the bow. In shallow stratified layers, rain events can increase the existing hydrogen peroxide concentration by a factor greater than 10 and dramatically increase the mean H2O2 concentration of mixed depth layers of 50 m or more. Rain is a significant transient source of H2O2 in the surface ocean.

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The contribution of rainwater to variability in surface ocean hydrogen peroxide

Copper metabolism of holstein and jersey cows and heifers fed diets high in cupric sulfate or copper proteinate.

Colorimetrical determination of hydrogen peroxide in clinical examinations, food additives analyses and general analyses can be carried out accurately, rapidly and economically by using a composition for producing color producing reagents comprising 4-aminoantipyrine, a N-substituted-3-alkylaniline and a hydrogen peroxide activating agent such as peroxidase, said composition forming a coloring material having excellent sensitivity and color stability in contact with hydrogen peroxide.

Determination of hydrogen peroxide

A reagent mixture for measuring magnesium comprising Xylylazo Violet I or II as a color producing agent and at least one of sulfide compounds and thioureide compounds, and if necessary one or more surface active agents, can be stored for a long period of time stably and can give a stable color development.

Reagent mixture for measuring magnesium

Peroxidic substances in a sample, e.g. one or more peroxidic substances in fats and oils or in an organic material, lipoperoxides in a living sample, etc. can be determined, directly in a sample or after extracting the lipoperoxides from a living sample with a solvent, by contacting the peroxidic substances with an oxidizable color reagent in the presence of a metallic compound produced from a metal which is able to have two or more valences to produce color, and measuring degree of coloring colorimetrically.

Method for measuring peroxidic substances

Direct bilirubin can be measured stably with high reliability by using bilirubin oxidase or a chemical oxidizing agent of manganese (III) ions, ferricyanide ions or copper ions, or direct bilirubin can also be measured by using as a reaction inhibitor a water-soluble high polymer or a nonionic surfactant having a HLB value of 15 or more.

Method for measuring bilirubin

PURPOSE: To obtain a novel cyclodextrin derivative with clathration effect, thus useful as a solubilizing agent for sparingly water-soluble substances, by reaction between a 3-halo-1-propanol and cyclodextrin in the presence of a base. CONSTITUTION: A reaction is carried out, in the presence of a base either between (1) a 3-halo-(1-propanol or 1-halo-2-methyl-2-propanol of formula I or II (X is halogen), respectively and (2) cyclodextrin or between (3) 2-methyl-1,2- propylene oxide and (4) cyclodextrin to obtain the objective derivative, i.e., cyclodextrin-hydroxyalkyl ether of formula III [n is 6W8; two or more of 3×n Rs are groups of formula IV or V (m is 1W5), the rest being H]. This compound is useful as a solubilizing agent or stabilizer for sparingly water-soluble pharmaceuticals in the drug sector and for sparingly water-soluble color- developing agents and substrates in the clinical testing field. COPYRIGHT: (C)1988,JPO&Japio

Kuniaki Tokuda

Papers

Determination of hydrogen peroxide

Reagent mixture for measuring magnesium

Method for measuring peroxidic substances

Method for measuring bilirubin

Novel cyclodextrin derivative and production thereof