This paper presents three probabilistic text retrieval methods designed to carry out a full-text search of English documents containing OCR errors. By searching for any query term on the premise that there are errors in the recognized text, the methods presented can tolerate such errors, and therefore costly manual post-editing is not required after OCR recognition. In the applied approach, confusion matrices are used to store characters which are likely to be interchanged when a particular character is missrecognized, and the respective probability of each occurrence. Moreover, a 2-gram matrix is used to store probabilities of character connection, i.e., which letter is likely to come after another. Multiple search terms are generated for an input query term by making reference to confusion matrices, after which a full-text search is run for each search term. The validity of retrieved terms is determined based on error-occurrence and character connection probabilities. The performance of these methods is experimentally evaluated by determining retrieval effectiveness, i.e., by calculating recall and precision rates. Results indicate marked improvement in comparison with exact matching.

Retrieval methods for English-text with missrecognized OCR characters

A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and analysis on color image encryption using DNA properties

A method for the prediction of time-domain signatures of chafed coaxial cables is presented. The method is quasi-static in nature, and is thus efficient enough to be included in inference and inversion routines. Unlike previous models proposed, no restriction on the geometry or size of the chafe is required in the present approach. The model is validated and its speed is illustrated via comparison to simulations from a commercial, three-dimensional electromagnetic simulator.

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20090035829/downloads/20090035829.pdf

A Simple and Efficient Computational Approach to Chafed Cable Time-Domain Reflectometry Signature Prediction

Distortion of the waveform on printed circuit board (PCBs) is a serious problem in higher-frequency signals transmission. To overcome this problem, we have already proposed segmental transmission line (STL). The STL divides transmission lines into multiple segments with different line widths, those are adjusted to reshape the signal waveform by superposition of reflected waves occurring at segment boundaries. In the previous work, we reshaped the waveform at only one point in the transmission line connected with a device at a time. This paper expands the method to reshape the waveform at two points of the devices at a time. We design a DIMM (dual in-line memory module) clock-line for high-speed computers using our new method, and show effectiveness of the method.

Enhancement of the Variable-Length-Transmission-Line design method for multi-point optimization

Search Algorithm of Maximal-Period Sequences Based on One-Dimensional Maps with Finite Bits and Its Application to DS-CDMA Systems

With a view to carrying out a highly accurate and fast time domain analysis of a lossy nonuniform transmission line, a method is described for application of the FDTD method to a finitely long lossy nonuniform transmission line. The present method is applied to a parabolic transmission line as one variety of nonuniform transmission line and a step response analysis is performed. By comparison with an analytical solution and other methods, the effectiveness of the method is confirmed. Also, the step response at the output end of a lossy nonuniform transmission line is almost a step waveform under conditions different from the distortionless transmission condition of a uniform line. Based on this result, a method is described for approximating the step response waveform at the output end of a lossy parabolic line to a step waveform. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 85(8): 1–10, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10006

Transient analysis of lossy nonuniform transmission line using the finite difference time domain method

A Design Method of Lossy Linear Tapered Transmission Line with Quasi Non-distortion Characteristic in the Time Domain

We propose a modified ElGamal cryptosystem which can broadcast communicate by encrypting every different plaintext (same plaintext is also acceptable) for plural users, and is also applicable to the systems which have hierarchical structures. And, we show that the security of this cryptosystem is based on difficulties of solving discrete logarithm problems, it maintains equivalent security with the original ElGamal cryptosystem. The transmission efficiency of this cryptosystem is improved.

Modified ElGamal cryptosystem

Improving the security of the knapsack cryptosystem

In this paper, we do a study upon an integer factoring algorithm based on a new idea that using quadratic residue. This method is effective especially on factoring Blum numbers and on n = p 2 q type composite numbers.

Kunikatsu Kobayashi

Papers

Transient analysis of lossy nonuniform transmission line using the finite difference time domain method

A Design Method of Lossy Linear Tapered Transmission Line with Quasi Non-distortion Characteristic in the Time Domain

Modified ElGamal cryptosystem

Improving the security of the knapsack cryptosystem

A factoring algorithm using quadratic residue