An image sensor and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The image sensor includes a first conductive type substrate including a trench formed in a predetermined portion of the first conductive type substrate, a second conductive type impurity region for use in a photodiode, formed below a bottom surface of the trench in the first conductive type substrate, and a first conductive type epitaxial layer for use in the photodiode, buried in the trench.

Image sensor and method for fabricating the same

To provide a method for recovering lithium, that is capable of efficiently recovering lithium without containing impurities, such as phosphorus and fluorine, from a lithium-containing solution containing lithium hexafluorophosphate and separated from a lithium ion battery. In the present invention, alkali hydroxide is added to the lithium-containing solution and the solution is made to have pH 9 or more, a precipitate of a phosphate and a fluoride salt is formed, the formed precipitate is separated and removed, and then lithium is recovered from filtrate.

Method for recovering lithium

Nano-particles of calcium and phosphorous compounds are made in a highly pure generally amorphous state by spray drying a weak acid solution of said compound and evaporating the liquid from the atomized spray in a heated column followed by collection of the precipitated particles. Hydroxyapatite (HA) particles formed by such apparatus and methods are examples of particle manufacture useful in bone and dental therapies. Dual nozzle spraying techniques are utilized for generally insoluble compounds.

Nanostructured bioactive materials prepared by dual nozzle spray drying techniques

Method for recycling electrolyte of waste lithium ion battery

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a crystallization reactor which can reduce the level of ions contained in a recovered crystal of a hardly soluble salt. SOLUTION: This crystallization reactor is designed for producing the crystal of the hardly soluble salt by adding a crystallization agent to untreated water containing a substance to be crystallized. In addition, this reactor includes a crystallization reaction tank for producing the crystal of the hardly soluble salt by adding the crystallization agent to the untreated water, an extraction means for extracting at least, a part of slurry containing the crystal produced in the crystallization reaction tank, a dehydration means for dehydrating the extracted slurry, and a cleaning means for cleaning the dehydrated crystal. COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Crystallization reactor and crystallization reaction method

To recycle fluoride by recovering calcium fluoride having a particle size and purity suitable for production of hydrogen fluoride, from a fluoride-containing effluent or a hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent. This method comprises reacting the fluoride-containing effluent or the hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent with an aqueous calcium chloride solution, under an acidic condition with hydrochloric acid where calcium fluoride has a comparatively high solubility. Calcium fluoride having a high purity and a large particle size can be deposited. The hydrochloric acid residues from the reaction or formed through the reaction is reacted with an inexpensive calcium compound such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate to produce an aqueous calcium chloride solution, and the aqueous calcium chloride solution is reused for the treatment of the hydrofluoric acid-containing effluent. The calcium fluoride obtained can be used as a raw material as it is for producing hydrogen fluoride, and the surplus aqueous calcium chloride solution can be supplied for other industrial uses.

Method for producing calcium fluoride, reusing method and recycling method thereof

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of producing hydrogen fluoride without using natural calcium fluoride (fluorite) poor as resources by finding conditions capable of using only recovered calcium fluoride as the raw material for producing hydrogen fluoride without mixing the same into natural fluorite and a method of increasing the purity of the produced hydrogen fluoride, and to provide a method of converting calcium sulfate by-produced at the time of producing hydrogen fluoride into the bihydrate of calcium sulfate having satisfactory crystallinity and having industrial usefulness by regulating its form. SOLUTION: In the method, calcium fluoride solid matter obtained by treating a fluorine-containing waste liquid with a calcium compound is dried, condensed and solidified. Then, the obtained block is crushed so as to be the particle diameter of several mm or below, and is used as the raw material for producing hydrogen fluoride. At the time when the calcium fluoride solid matter is brought into reaction with sulfuric acid or oleum, they are sufficiently mixed without performing warming in the first stage, and heating is performed in the second stage. By the sufficient mixing with the sulfuric acid or oleum, the greater part of volatile impurities can be removed before the generation of hydrogen fluoride starts. Further, by the lowering of reaction temperature, not only the corrosion of a device material can be alleviated, but also the form of anhydrous calcium sulfate generated as a by-product can be changed from that in the conventional one, and it can be made into the one easy to be converted into bihydrate having industrially high usefulness. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Method of producing hydrogen fluoride using recovered calcium fluoride

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and an apparatus for separating/recovering recyclable hydrofluoric acid and silicofluoric acid efficiently from a waste liquid containing hydrofluoric acid and silicofluoric acid. SOLUTION: The method comprises separating the solid in the waste liquid containing hydrofluoric acid and silicofluoric acid and then first concentrating the waste liquid by distillation, and recovering an aqueous solution containing mainly hydrofluoric acid and an aqueous solution containing mainly silicofluoric acid, respectively. Other materials are remained in the distillation pot residue. The aqueous solution containing hydrogen fluoride can be recycled as a chemical etching treatment liquid for glass after adjusting the concentration by adding hydrofluoric acid. The aqueous solution containing silicofluoric acid can be recycled as synthetic raw materials of silicofluoric acid and silicofluoride for sales on the market by converting the hydrofluoric acid to silicofluoric acid by adding silicon dioxide and further by adjusting the concentration to a given one by diluting it with water. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Method and apparatus for separating and recovering acid components from waste liquid containing hydrofluoric acid and silicohydrofluoric acid

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a recycling method of fluorine by recovering calcium fluoride with a particle size and purity suitable for manufacturing hydrogen fluoride from a fluorine-containing waste solution or a hydrofluoric acid-containing solution. SOLUTION: The reaction between the fluorine-containing waste solution and the hydrofluoric acid-containing waste solution is performed under hydrochloric acid acidic conditions in which the solubility of calcium fluoride is relatively large. The calcium fluoride with high purity and a large particle size is deposited. In that case, the remained hydrochloric acid or the produced hydrochloric acid is allowed to react with an inexpensive calcium compound such as calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide and calcium carbonate to prepare an aqueous calcium chloride solution. The aqueous calcium chloride solution is reused for the treatment of the hydrofluoric acid-containing waste solution. The resulting calcium fluoride can be utilized as it is as a raw material for manufacturing hydrogen fluoride and the excess aqueous calcium chloride solution can be served as other applications in an industrial use. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Manufacturing method of calcium fluoride,and reusing method and recycling method thereof

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an effective treating method of lithium hexafluorophosphate in an organic electrolyte containing lithium hexafluorophosphate used for a lithium ion battery and a lithium battery, and also provide a treating method capable of recovering and reusing as a hexaphosphate and lithium fluoride. SOLUTION: Lithium hexafluorophosphate is separated in lithium fluoride and potassium hexafluorophosphate by adding a solvent mainly comprising primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohol represented by formula, CnH2n+1OH in which (n) is 2-5, and an agent mainly comprising potassium fluoride. By adding an agent mainly comprising ammonium fluoride in place of lithium fluoride, lithium hexafluorophosphate is separated in lithium fluoride and ammonium hexafluorophosphate.

Kunitaka Momota

Papers

Method for producing calcium fluoride, reusing method and recycling method thereof

Method of producing hydrogen fluoride using recovered calcium fluoride

Method and apparatus for separating and recovering acid components from waste liquid containing hydrofluoric acid and silicohydrofluoric acid

Manufacturing method of calcium fluoride,and reusing method and recycling method thereof

Treating method of organic electrolyte containing lithium hexafluorophosphate