Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises a set of conditions that are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Numerous epidemiological studies on MS have been conducted, but there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of MS in the Chinese population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of MS among subjects in Mainland China. We performed a systematic review by searching both English and Chinese literature databases. Random or fixed effects models were used to summarize the prevalence of MS according to statistical tests for heterogeneity. Subgroup, sensitivity, and meta-regression analyses were performed to address heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test. Thirty-five papers were included in the meta-analysis, with a total population of 226,653 Chinese subjects. Among subjects aged 15 years and older, the pooled prevalence was 24.5 % (95 % CI: 22.0–26.9 %). By sex, the prevalences were 19.2 % (95 % CI: 16.9–21.6 %) in males and 27.0 % (95 % CI: 23.5–30.5 %) in females. The pooled prevalence of MS increased with age (15–39 years: 13.9 %; 40–59 years: 26.4 %; and ≥60 years: 32.4 %). Individuals living in urban areas (24.9 %, 95 % CI: 18.5–31.3 %) were more likely to suffer from MS than those living in rural areas (19.2 %, 95 % CI: 14.8–23.7 %). Hypertension was the most prevalent component of MS in males (52.8 %), while the most prevalent component of MS for females was central obesity (46.1 %). Our systematic review suggested a high prevalence of MS among subjects in Mainland China, indicating that MS is a serious public health problem. Therefore, more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of MS.

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Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in mainland china: a meta-analysis of published studies

Asthma, rhinitis and eczema (allergic or non-allergic) have increased throughout the world during the last decades, especially among children. Changes in the indoor environment are suspected to be important causes. China has experienced a dramatic change in indoor environmental exposures during the past two decades. However, such changes and their associations with children’s asthma and other health aspects have not been thoroughly studied. China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH), Phase I, was a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of 48219 children 1–8 years old in 10 Chinese cities during 2010–2012. The questionnaire includes the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core health questions and additional questions regarding housing, life habits and outdoor environment. In health analyses, children aged 3–6 years old were included. The prevalences of doctor diagnosed asthma varied from 1.7% to 9.8% (mean 6.8%), a large increase from 0.91% in 1999 and 1.50% in 2000. The prevalence of wheeze, rhinitis and atopic eczema (last 12 months) varied from 13.9% to 23.7%, 24.0% to 50.8% and 4.8% to 15.8%, respectively. Taiyuan had the lowest prevalences of all illnesses and Shanghai the highest, except for wheezewhere the highest value was for Urumqi. We found (1) no obvious association between disease prevalences and ambient PM10 concentrations and (2) higher prevalences of disease in humid climates with hot summers and cold winters, but with no centrally heated buildings. Associations between the diseases and economic status as indexed by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) requires further study.

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Ten cities cross-sectional questionnaire survey of children asthma and other allergies in China

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a serious systemic allergic disease, which together with comorbid asthma causes major illness and disability worldwide. Recent epidemiological studies have revealed wide variations in the increasing prevalence of AR and allergies globally, including in China. Despite a markedly higher population than western countries, and a landmass close to Europe in area, little epidemiological data is available on AR in China. Thus, the present study reviewed the prevalence, comorbid allergic diseases, trends and pattern of sensitizing allergens in adults and children suffering from AR in China. Available data indicated that despite variations in the prevalence of AR in different regions of the country, the prevalence of AR has increased in both adults and children over the last 2 decades. Similarly, there has been an increase in a "western"-type lifestyle, industrialization and air pollution over this period, which may have contributed to the increased prevalence of AR observed in China.

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Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in China

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a critical public health, medical and economic problem in China. AR is also an important risk factor which will cause many diseases or disorders, especially in children. The trend of AR incidence is still on the rise in recent years and has had a significant effect on the general public. This significant increase is alarming, which highlights an urgent need for better understanding of the prevalence status and characteristics, sensitization patterns, and the associated risk factors of AR in order to improve treatment and develop effective prevention strategies.

https://e-aair.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/9999AAIR/aair-11-156.pdf

Increasing Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis in China

Several studies conducted during the 1990s indicated that childhood allergic diseases were increasing worldwide, but more recent investigations in some Western countries have suggested that the trend is stabilizing or may even be reversing However, few data are available on the current status of allergic disease prevalence in Chinese children The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema in children of three major cities of China, to determine the status of allergic diseases among Chinese children generally, and to evaluate the prevalence of allergic diseases in children of different ages We conducted a cross-sectional survey between October 2008 and May 2009 in three major cities of China (Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou) to evaluate the prevalence rates of childhood allergic diseases including asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema, using a questionnaire of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) group A total of 24,290 children aged 0-14 years were interviewed, using a multi-stage sampling method To acquire data on children aged 3-14 years, we visited schools and kindergartens To access children too young to attend school or kindergarten, we extended our survey to community health service centers Each questionnaire was completed by a parent or guardian of a child after an informed consent form was signed Of the 24,290 children in our study, 12,908 (5314%) were males and 11,382 (4686%) females; 10,372 (4270%) were from Beijing, 9,846 (4053%) from Chongqing, and 4,072 (1677%) from Guangzhou Our survey indicated that in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, the prevalence rates of asthma were 315%, 745%, and 209%, respectively; the rates of allergic rhinitis were 1446%, 2042%, and 783%; and the rates of eczema were 2064%, 1002%, and 722% The prevalence of allergic diseases varied with age Asthma was relatively less common both in children aged under 2 years, and in those aged 9 years or more, in each of the three cities The prevalence of allergic rhinitis was also lower in children younger than 2 years The prevalence of eczema fell with age A marked increase in the prevalence rates of allergic diseases in China (compared with earlier data) was evident Further studies exploring the precise causes of this increase are warranted

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Self-reported prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in three cities of China: a multicenter study

Objective: Asthma afflicts many children in China but information about asthma management among Chinese pediatric asthma patients is limited. This study aims to evaluate asthma control among Chinese pediatric patients and identify risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma. Methods: A total of 4223 patients with persistent asthma aged 2–16 years from 42 tertiary hospitals across all regions of mainland China except Tibet were surveyed. Asthma Control Test (ACT), Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria were used to assess asthma control for children aged 12–16 years, 4–11 years and 2–3 years, respectively. Uncontrolled asthma was defined as ACT or C-ACT score ≤19 or GINA-defined uncontrolled asthma. Risk factors associated with uncontrolled asthma were identified using multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Asthma was uncontrolled in 19.9% of the subjects. High rates of uncontrolled asthma were found in subjects with treatment non-adhe...

Kunling Shen

Papers

Self-reported prevalence of childhood allergic diseases in three cities of China: a multicenter study

Uncontrolled asthma and its risk factors in Chinese children: A cross-sectional observational study.

Current Trends of the Prevalence of Childhood Asthma in Three Chinese Cities : A Multicenter Epidemiological Survey