A review of the recently reported moisture diffusivity experimental data in food materials is presented in this work Values are classified and analysed statistically to reveal the influences of temperature and moisture content Empirical models relating moisture diffusivity with the above variables, along with relevant graphs for various materials, are included Other factors affecting moisture diffusivity prediction are also discussed

Moisture Diffusivity Data Compilation in Foodstuffs

CONTENTS
18.1 Introduction 40418.1.1 Background of Drying 404
18.1.2 Mode of Preservation 404
18.1.3 State of Water in Foods 404
18.1.4 End Point of Drying 405
18.1.5 Heating Methods in Drying 40518.2 Drying Methods 405
18.3 Thermal Drying 405

Drying and Food Preservation

Heat and mass transfer modeling in air drying of foods

The purpose of this investigation is to compare various drying models with respect to (a) the accuracy in calculating the material moisture content and temperature versus time and (b) the computation time required. Mechanistic as well as phenomenological heat and mass transfer models are considered. The mechanistic models are formulated by considering different combinations of mechanisms between (1) moisture diffusion in the solid towards its external surface (2) vaporization and convective transfer of the vapor into the air stream (3) convective heat transfer from the air to the solid's surface (4) conductive heat transfer within the solid mass. The phenomenological model incorporates the drying constant while the mechanistic models incorporate the mass diffusivity, the mass transfer coefficient in the air boundary layer, the thermal conductivity, and the heat transfer coefficient in the air boundary layer. The proposed methodology is applied to experimental data of four vegetables, namely, pota...

Model selection in air drying of foods

Inhibition of enzymatic browning and decay on cut surfaces of Golden Delicious apple using ascorbic acid, cysteine, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, citric acid and sodium ascorbate alone or in combinations was investigated at 4 and 10 °C for a storage period of 0, 7 and 14 days, in an attempt to find the most effective treatment. Apple segments immersed in ascorbic acid and citric acid alone showed visual traces of browning after 7 days storage at 4 °C. After 14 days storage, only ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid plus sodium chloride had moderate browning, while all other treatments were severely affected. However, at 10 °C, only ascorbic acid was effective in reducing the level of browning, although its effect was minimal after 14 days storage. Browning was more severe at 10 °C than 4 °C in all solutions. The browning measurement (a* value) became increasingly positive from 7- to 14-day storage. Microbial decay was absent in all treatments within 7 days at 4 and 10 °C. However, three test solutions showed microbial decay after 14 days storage at 10 °C in addition to the control solution, which showed decay at both 4 and 10 °C storage temperatures.

Prevention of enzymatic browning of apple cylinders using different solutions

The ultimate goal of the project is to develop procedures, techniques, data and other information that will aid in design of cost effective and energy efficient drying processes that produce high quality foods. This objective has been sought by performing studies to determine the pertinent properties of food products, by developing models to describe the fundamental phenomena of food drying and by testing the models at laboratory scale. Finally, this information is used to develop recommendations and strategies for improved dryer design and control. This report is the executive summary of the program. 27 refs., 5 tabs.

Design and control of energy efficient food drying processes with specific reference to quality

The ultimate goal of the project is to develop procedures, techniques, data and other information that will aid in the design of cost effective and energy efficient drying processes that produce high quality foods. This objective has been sought by performing studies to determine the pertinent properties of food products, by developing models to describe the fundamental phenomena of food drying and by testing the models at laboratory scale. Finally, this information is used to develop recommendations and strategies for improved dryer design and control. This volume emphasizes a detailed literature review and several extensive experimental studies. Since the basic principle of food dehydration is the removal of water from food, the process of removing water causes quality changes which can be categorized as physical, chemical, and nutritional. These changes often have adverse effects on the quality of the resulting dehydrated food. In this work, the types of physical and chemical changes common in food drying and the important factors for them were reviewed. Pertinent kinetic models and kinetic data reported in literature were also collected and compiled as the results of review study. The overall objectives of this study were to identify major quality change in foods caused bymore » drying process and to get the knowledge of the relationship between the quality change and factors known to affect them. The quality parameters reviewed included: browning, lipid oxidation, color loss, shrinkage, solubility, texture, aroma and flavor, vitamin and protein loss and microbiological concerns. 54 refs., 74 figs., 49 tabs.« less

Design and control of energy efficient food drying processes with specific reference to quality; evaluation of physical and quality changes in foods during drying

This article aims to summarize the 2021 Right to Food and Nutrition Watch report - Not Our Menu: False solutions to hunger and malnutrition. Covid-19 has clearly highlighted how fragile the current food systems are and how fast they can collapse when challenged. The book is split into four distinct chapters.

L. Bell

Papers

Design and control of energy efficient food drying processes with specific reference to quality

Design and control of energy efficient food drying processes with specific reference to quality; evaluation of physical and quality changes in foods during drying

Not Our Menu: False solutions to hunger and malnutrition (Right to Food and Nutrition Watch, issue 13)