Production of bioparaffins by the catalytic hydrogenation of natural triglycerides

The production of renewable aviation fuel from waste cooking oil. Part I: Bio-alkane conversion through hydro-processing of oil

The goal of our investigation was the production of partially bio-derived fuels in the gas oil boiling point range. Our aim was the production of diesel fuel blending components by co-hydrogenation of mixtures of high-sulphur gas oil (about 1.0%) and vegetable oil raw materials with different vegetable oil contents (0, 5, 15, 25 and 100%). The experiments were carried out on a NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst with a targeted composition (T = 300–380°C, P = 60–80 bar, LHSV = 1.0/h and H2/HC = 600 Nm3/m3). We obtained that both the vegetable oil conversion reactions and the gas oil quality improvement reactions took place. Under the favourable operational conditions (360–380°C, P = 80 bar, LHSV = 1.0/h and H2/HC = 600 Nm3/m3 and up to 15% vegetable oil content of the feed), the main properties of the high-yield (>90%) products except for the Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) value satisfied the requirements of the standard of diesel fuels (EN 590:2009). The amount of vegetable oil higher than 15% reduced the desulphurization efficiency, because of the intake of large quantities of oxygen with the triglyceride molecules of the vegetable oil. The products—depending on the vegetable oil content of the feedstocks—have an increased n- and i-paraffin content, so their combustion properties are very favourable, and the emission of particles is lower.

Producing clean diesel fuel by co-hydrogenation of vegetable oil with gas oil

Summary
The production of diesel and gasoline range paraffins from both solid and liquid biomass is one of the promising alternatives being considered for ensuring sustainable fuel supply. Solid biomass gasification produces synthetic gas, which via subsequent Fischer–Tropsch reaction is converted into useful liquid hydrocarbon fuels. Similarly, pyrolysis generates oxygenated and bio-oil products with comparable fuel potentials. The liquid biomass such as vegetable oils, on the other hand can be upgraded by serial hydrogenation, cracking, deoxygenation, and decarboxylation. We have critically reviewed substantial literature on the various conversion processes and the hydroisomerization of the linear bioparaffins into isomerized products with enhanced fuel properties. Emphasis was given to the heterogeneous catalyst systems, operational parameters, reaction mechanisms, and identified challenges. The scope was extended to cover different porous catalysts with prospects in biomass-to-fuel conversion. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Hydroisomerization of sustainable feedstock in biomass‐to‐fuel conversion: a critical review

Influence of rapeseed oil hydrotreating on hydrogenation activity of CoMo catalyst

The aim of our experiments was to investigate the applicability of an expediently modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst for the conversion of specially pretreated Hungarian sunflower oil with high oleic acid (>90%) content which was ennobled for our experiments to produce motor fuels. The changes of the specific hydrocracking activity of the applied catalyst, the pathways of hydrodeoxygenation reactions and the effect of the process parameters on the yield and on the quality of the products were also investigated. It was concluded that on the investigated modified NiMoW/Al2O3 catalyst products with high (>70%) paraffin content (T = 340-360 °C, p = 20-40 bar, LHSV = 1.0-1.5 h -1 , H2/sunflower oil volume ratio: 600 Nm 3 /m 3 ) could be produced. In case of every investigated process parameter the C17and C18paraffins were formed, i.e. on the applied catalyst both the HDO and the decarboxylation/decarbonylation (DECARB) reactions took place as a function of the process parameters. The gas oil boiling range target products had significantly higher isoparaffin-content than other transition metal/support catalysts derived products. Therefore the best quality product mixtures had large cetane number (71-76) and favorable CFPP value.

L. Boda

Papers

Catalytic Hydrotreating of Triglycerides for the Production of Bioparaffin Mixture