Waste Related to the Food Industry: A Challenge in Material Loops.- to Food Waste Treament: The 14001 Standards.- Basic Unit Operations in Wastewater Treatment.- Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues and Wastes.- Fundamentals and Applications of Anaerobic Digestion For Sustainable Treatment of Food Industry Wastewater.- Fermentation of Distiller's Wash in a Biogas Plant.- Brewery and Winery Wastewater Treatment: Some Focal Points of Design and Operation.- Olive Mill Wastewater Treatment.- Anaerobic Degradation of Animal By-Products.- Utilization of Whey.- Utilization of Plant By-Products for the Recovery of Proteins, Dietary Fibers, Antioxidants, and Colorants.- Utilization of By-Products in the Fish Industry.- Examples of Special Case Studies in Different Branches.- Incineration of Solid Food Waste: A Project About Spent Grain.- Composting of Food and Agricultural Wastes.

Utilization of by-products and treatment of waste in the food industry

Environmental issues are a critical factor for the today industry competitiveness. Indeed, the society and the individual consumers could set a common framework for companies’ commitment and engagement regarding environment protection. Redesign the process, recover by-products or reuse effluents are some of the possible actions towards an eco-efficient strategy. Nevertheless, a point remains crucial in such mission: the ability to defend natural ecosystems from polluted wastewaters. For such purpose, a wastewater treatment plant that maximizes removal efficiency and minimizes investment and operation costs is a key factor. Brewery and winery are traditional industries with an important economic value in the agro-food sector. In 2003, the total beer production in the European Union (18 countries) was 344 x 10 m, being recorded around 1800 breweries with 110 thousand employees. If Norway, Switzerland and Turkey are also included, those numbers rise up to 358 x 10 m, 1839 units and 117 thousand, respectively. The excise revenue from beer industry in all these countries reaches over 8800 x 10 € (The Brewers of Europe, 2004). The worldwide wine production is 261 x 10 m (data from 2002), of which 69 % from Europe, 18 % from America, 5 % from Asia, 4 % from Africa and 4 % from Oceania. The worldwide wine consumption (2002) is 228 x 10 m, distributed by Europe (68 %), America (20 %), Asia (7 %), Africa (3 %) and Oceania (2 %) (OIV, 2002). This chapter intends to present some key points on design and operation in wastewater treatment of brewery and winery industries. Therefore, an introduction of the industrial processes is first presented and then wastewater characteristics and treatment processes are discussed. Finally, the experience of a collaborative effort between

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Brewery and winery wastewater treatment : some focal points of design and operation

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Tratamento de efluentes vitivinícolas : uma caso de estudo na região dos vinhos verdes

Dissertacao apresentada na Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia da Universidade
Nova de Lisboa para a obtencao do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente,perfil Sanitaria

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Contribuição para o estudo do tratamento de efluentes da indústria vinícola

................................................................................................................... V 1. INTRODUÇÂO ............................................................................................. 1 1.1. ENQUADRAMENTO DO TEMA ................................................................................................. 1 1.2. ORGANIZAÇÃO DA DISSERTAÇÃO ............................................................................................ 2 1.3. ESTADO DA ARTE................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA EMPRESA DAS ÀGUAS DE TRÁS-OS-MONTES E ALTO DOURO.......3 2. OBJECTIVOS .............................................................................................. 5 3. ETAR de Cambres ................................................................................... 7 3.1. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO E DA UNIDADE INDUST RIAL A ELA ASSOCIADA ...................................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.1 PROCESSO E OPERAÇÃO DA ETAR DE CAMBRES................................................................... 7 3.1.1.1 Descrição Geral da ETAR.............................................................................................. 7 3.1.1.2 Obra de entrada ......................................................................................................... 9 3.1.1.3 Pré-tratamento mecânico............................................................................................... 9 3.1.1.4 Tratamento biológico ................................................................................................. 10 3.1.1.5 Decantação Secundária .............................................................................................. 10 3.1.1.6 Espessamento das lamas ........................................................................................... 11 3.1.1.7 Desidratação mecânica das lamas............................................................................ 11 3.1.1.8 Desodorização .........................................................................................................11 3.1.2 BREVE DESCRIÇÃO INDÚSTRIA DE LACTICÍNIOS .................................................................... 12 3.2. RESULTADOS ANALÍTICOS DE DESCARGAS OCORRIDAS , INTERFERÊNCIA NO AFLUENTE BRUTO DA ETAR E NO RESPECTIVO EFLUENTE TRATADO ......................................................12 3.3. IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELAS DESCARGAS , NOS PROCESSOS DE TRATAMENTO DAS ETAR. ......................................................................................................... 20 4. ETAR DE RESENDE-MIRÂO ..........................................................23 4.1 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO E DA UNIDADE INDUSTRI AL A ELA ASSOCIADA ................................................................................................................................... 23 Impacto de descargas de efluentes agro-alimentares nas ETAR da ATMAD VIII 4.1.1 PROCESSO E OPERAÇÃO DA ETAR DE RESENDE-MIRÃo ....................................................23 4.1.1.1 Descrição Geral da ETAR ......................................................................................... 23 4.1.1.2 Obra de entrada .....................................................................................................25 4.1.1.3 Pré tratamento mecânico........................................................................................... 25 4.1.1.4 Reactor biológico ...................................................................................................26 4.1.1.5 Decantador secundário .............................................................................................. 26 4.1.1.6 Espessamento das lamas.......................................................................................... 27 4.1.1.7 Desidratação mecânica das lamas .......................................................................... 27 4.1.2 BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DO MATADOURO .................................................................................... 29 4.2 RESULTADOS ANALÍTICOS DE DESCARGAS OCORRIDAS , INTERFERÊNCIA NO AFLUENTE BRUTO DA ETAR E NO RESPECTIVO EFLUENTE TRATADO . .............................................. 30 4.3 IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELAS DESCARGAS , NOS PROCESSOS DE TRATAMENTO DAS ETAR. ......................................................................................................... 36 5. ETAR de So MIGUEL DE LOBRIGOS ....................................... 37 5.1 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO E DA UNIDADE INDUST RIAL A ELA ASSOCIADA ................................................................................................................................... 37 5.1.1 PROCESSO E OPERAÇÃO DA ETAR DE So MIGUEL DE LOBRIGOS ............................................ 37 5.1.1.1 Descrição Geral da ETAR ......................................................................................... 37 5.1.1.2 Obra de entrada e Pré-Tratamento Mecânico........................................................39 5.1.1.3 Tanque de arejamento ............................................................................................... 39 5.1.1.4 Decantação Secundária............................................................................................. 39 5.1.1.5 Extracção de lamas em excesso e Espessamento ................................................... 40 5.1.1.6 Reutilização do efluente tratado ............................................................................... 40 5.1.1.7 Desodorização e Ventilação...................................................................................... 40 5.1.2 BREVE DESCRIÇÃO INDÚSTRIA DAS CAVES DE SANTA MARTA ................................................. 41 5.2 RESULTADOS ANALÍTICOS DE DESCARGAS OCORRIDAS , INTERFERÊNCIA NO AFLUENTE BRUTO DA ETAR E NO RESPECTIVO EFLUENTE TRATADO ......................................................42 5.3 IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELAS DESCARGAS , NOS PROCESSOS DE TRATAMENTO DAS ETAR. .........................................................................................................49 6. ETAR de Mirandela ............................................................................... 51 6.1. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA DE TRATAMENTO E DA UNIDADE INDUST RIAL A ELA ASSOCIADA ................................................................................................................................... 51 6.1.1 PROCESSO E OPERAÇÃO DA ETAR DE MIRANDELA............................................................. 51 6.1.1.1 Descrição Geral da ETAR ......................................................................................... 51 6.1.1.2 Obra de entrada e pré-tratamento mecânico..........................................................53 6.1.1.3 Decantação primária.................................................. ................................................... 53 6.1.1.4 Reactor biológico ...................................................................................................54 6.1.1.5 Decantador secundário .............................................................................................. 54 6.1.1.6 Digestor anaeróbio ................................................................................................. 54 6.1.1.7 Desidratação de lamas .............................................................................................. 55 6.1.2. BREVE DESCRIÇÃO DA UNIDADE INDUSTRIAL DE ENCHIDOS ................................................... 57 6.2. RESULTADOS ANALÍTICOS DE DESCARGAS OCORRIDAS , INTERFERÊNCIA NO AFLUENTE BRUTO DA ETAR E NO RESPECTIVO EFLUENTE TRATADO ......................................................57 Impacto de descargas de efluentes agro-alimentares nas ETAR da ATMAD IX 6.3 IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS IMPACTOS CAUSADOS PELAS DESCARGAS , NOS PROCESSOS DE TRATAMENTO DAS ETAR. ............................................................................................. 63 7. Propostas de melhoria do esquema de funcionamento da ETAR de Mirandela ....................................... 65 7.1 MELHORIAS DE FUNCIONAMENTO DA LINHA LÍQUIDA ................................................. 65 7.1.1. TANQUE DE EQUALIZAÇÃO DE CAUDAIS .................................................................... 65 7.1.2. SISTEMA DE AUTOMAÇÃO ALERTA AO PH.................................................................. 66 7.1.3. PLANO DE CONTROLO DE ÓLEOS E GORDURAS.......................................................... 66 7.1.4. DIMENSIONAMENTO DE UM DESARENADOR/DESENGORDURADOR................................... 66 7.1.5. DECANTADOR PRIMÁRIO ...................................................................................... 78 7.2 MELHORIAS DE FUNCIONAMENTO DA LINHA SÓLIDA .................................................. 85 7.2.1. DIGESTOR ANAERÓBIO ......................................................................................... 85 7.2.2. DESIDRATAÇÃO DAS LAMAS................................................................................... 86 8. Conclusão ................................................................................................... 87 8.1 CONCLUSÕES GERAIS ............................................................................................. 87 8.2 RECOMENDAÇÕES .................................................................................................. 88 BIBLIOGRAFIA .............................................................................................................. 89 ANEXO A ................................................................................................................... XIX A.1 VALORES LIMITE DE EMISSÃO (V

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Impacto de descargas de efluentes agro-alimentares nas ETAR da ATMAD

This work concerns the fate of phosphorus concentration during the operation of a SBR designed for nitrogen removal from a brewery wastewater with an anaerobic pre-treatment. The aim was to assess if an operational strategy directed towards nitrification-denitrification could be set up integrating simultaneously a biological phosphorus removal process. The SBR was seeded with a grab sample of mixed liquor from a municipal activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and was operated over a 10 months period. In order to remove the nitrogen from the wastewater, six operational strategies were tested, as depicted in Table 1. Accordingly, Figure 1 presents, in each operational strategy, the soluble phosphorus concentration as determined in distinct periods of the SBR operating cycle.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/4116/1/ESBES2-343%5b1%5d.pdf

Fate of phosphorus concentration in a SBR designed for nitrogen removal

RESUMO Esta comunicacao apresenta os resultados obtidos com a aplicacao de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes liquidos nas areas vinicola e cervejeira. O trabalho incidiu no arranque, operacao e optimizacao de um reactor descontinuo sequencial (SBR, Sequencing Batch Reactor) recentemente implantado na Adega Cooperativa de Ponte da Barca, assim como no estudo do fenomeno da granulacao num reactor anaerobio de leito de lamas de fluxo ascendente (UASB, Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) aplicado para o tratamento dos efluentes de uma industria cervejeira.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3570/1/Rodrigues_UTAD_2004%5b2%5d.pdf

Tratamento de efluentes líquidos na indústria alimentar: o caso dos sectores vinícola e cervejeiro

The use of the microfauna analysis to estimate both the quality of the effluent and the performance of the treatment plant is becoming more and more common. The importance of protozoan population in biological wastewater treatment systems has been widely studied for a number of treatment options, such as the activated sludge system, trickling filter systems and rotating biological contactors. However, only a few studies were published on protozoan population in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in microfauna during a typical operating cycle and the potential of protozoa to act as indicators of the operational phase. The SBR was operated over a 10 months experimental period with the purpose of achieving nitrification/denitrification. The inoculum was mainly composed by a sample of mixed liquor from the aerated tank of a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The feed was a brewery wastewater after anaerobic pre-treatment. During the last 10 days, microscopic analysis of the reactor contents was performed throughout each cycle and protozoa were identified. At this time, the operating cycle consisted of a long aerated period followed by an anoxic phase. The dissolved oxygen (DO) was regulated by on-off control of the air flow. During the aerated period (DO=3-4 mg/L) crawling and attached ciliates were the predominant protozoa in the system. With the decrease of the DO concentration throughout the unaerated phase, these species showed a reduction of 40% and the appearance of free swimming ciliates and flagellated protozoa could be observed (Figure 1), indicating a poorly aerated sludge. Crawling and attached ciliates always re-established themselves as the aerobic conditions took place again, indicating that the cyclic operations had no detrimental effect on protozoa. The presence of Vaginicola sp., a common specie in nitrifying activated sludge systems, was often observed.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3902/1/BIOTEC98.EB014%5b1%5d.pdf

Protozoan population as an indicator of the aerobic or anoxic state of the SBR operating cycle

O presente estudo incidiu na caracterização e tratamento das lamas retidas nos separadores de hidrocarbonetos instalados numa estação de serviço. Recorreu-se à técnica de respirometria para obter informação prévia sobre a toxicidade e a tratabilidade das lamas por um Sequencial Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR). Utilizou-se um inóculo de lamas activadas e uma cultura de Pseudomonas putida. Os testes respirométricos permitiram avaliar a capacidade destas culturas crescerem num meio contendo hidrocarbonetos como única fonte de carbono e verificar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de substrato na actividade microbiana.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3583/1/CNQA-P15-11%5b1%5d.PDF

Caracterização e tratamento do efluente de uma estação de serviço

Large amounts of oily sludges are retained in patrol stations by gravity interceptors in order to prevent their discharge in surface waters. Those residues are mainly composed of a mixture of hydrocarbons, water and inert solids. Therefore, their final disposal represents a significant environmental problem. This work concerns the study of microfauna biomass during the start-up of a SBBR designed for the treatment of hydrocarbon slurries retained in an API oil separator. The findings of this study suggest that protozoal colonization of the SBBR followed the same pattern of activated sludge systems, the free swimming and crawling ciliates, and also fagellates being the dominant protozoa group during the star-up period of the reactor. When the plant performance dropped, the number of flagellated protozoa rapidly increased, and a concomitant decrease in the ciliated population was observed.

https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/3662/1/IWA-Paris-NP-402%5b2%5d.PDF

L. F. Melo

Papers

Fate of phosphorus concentration in a SBR designed for nitrogen removal

Tratamento de efluentes líquidos na indústria alimentar: o caso dos sectores vinícola e cervejeiro

Protozoan population as an indicator of the aerobic or anoxic state of the SBR operating cycle

Caracterização e tratamento do efluente de uma estação de serviço

Fate of protozoa during the start-up of a sequencing batch biofilm reactor used for the degradation of hydrocarbons