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Leukocyte-endothelial interactions

In this Account we describe the hydrothermal synthesis of some new materials including microporous crystals, ionic conductors, complex oxides and fluorides, low-dimensional aluminophosphates, inorganic-organic hybrid materials, and particularly condensed materials such as diamond and inorganic helical chains. Hydrothermal synthesis in biology and environment sciences is also introduced. The increasing interest in hydrothemal synthesis derives from its advantages in terms of high reactivity of reactants, easy control of solution or interface reactions, formation of metastable and unique condensed phases, less air pollution, and low energy consumption.

New materials in hydrothermal synthesis.

Aberrant expression of HLA-DR antigen on thyrocytes in Graves' disease: relevance for autoimmunity

Using freshly isolated Ia+ gut epithelial cells we have been able to demonstrate that these cells can function as accessory cells in an immune response. The cells can act as stimulators in both autologous and allogeneic MLRs. More importantly, these cells are capable of taking up the soluble antigen, tetanus toxoid, processing it, and presenting it to tetanus-primed T cells. These functions appear to relate to the presence of surface Ia in that a hetero-anti-Ia antibody can block these effects. Noteworthy is the finding that the subpopulation of T cells stimulated when epithelial cells are used as accessory cells is the T8+, 9.3-T cell. These cells function as potent antigen-nonspecific suppressor cells in both MLR, T cell antigen responses, and induction of B cell differentiation by PWM. These findings have significant implications in local gut immune responses and may help explain several poorly characterized phenomena of mucosal immunity.

https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/166/5/1471/1097413/1471.pdf

Evidence for function of Ia molecules on gut epithelial cells in man.

Ia antigens are membrane-bound glycoproteins that play a part in antigen recognition and subsequent cell–cell interactions in the immune response. In the mouse they are coded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex H–2 and have been demonstrated on B lymphocytes, monocytes, activated T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, including Langerhans cells1,2. Ia-like antigens have also been detected on the vascular endothelium in man3–6 and on epidermal keratinocytes in rats7,8 but expression on the latter cells was induced by a graft-versus-host reaction or by contact hypersensitivity9. In the mouse, previous studies have suggested that Ia antigens in skin are restricted to epidermal Langerhans cells and it was thought that these were the targets for Ia-dependent rejection of skin allografts. The results presented here show that Ia antigens in mouse allografts are also present on the vascular endothelium but their expression is variable and dependent on the immunological status of the recipient. These findings suggest that vascular endothelial cells can act as targets in Ia-incompatible skin allograft rejection.

L. M. H. Cornelissen

Papers

Variable Expression of Ia Antigens on the Vascular Endothelium of Mouse Skin Allografts