Bioactive compounds and health benefits of exotic tropical red–black berries

A new depside, jaboticabin (1), together with 17 known compounds were isolated from the fruit of jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora). The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. Known compounds were identified by comparison of their spectroscopic data with literature values or by comparison to authentic standards. Compound 1 and the related depside 2-O-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid (2) significantly inhibited chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 production before and after cigarette smoke treatment of cells. Compound 1 was cytotoxic in the HT29 colon cancer cell line (IC50 = 65 microM), and 2 was active against HCT116 colon cancer cells (IC50 = 30 microM). Compounds 1 and 2 also exhibited antiradical activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 51.4 and 61.8 microM, respectively). Two anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside (3) and delphinidin 3-glucoside (4), also showed good activity in these assays.

Bioactive depsides and anthocyanins from jaboticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora).

Obtaining an extract with high antioxidant activity using environmentally friendly technologies and low-cost raw materials is of great interest. In the present work, a combined extraction process developed by our research group involving ultrasound treatment and agitated solvent extraction was evaluated. This method was compared in terms of yield, composition, and economical feasibility to traditional extraction methods, including ultrasound assisted, agitated bed and soxhlet extraction with ethanol (acidified or not). The proposed method maximizes the extraction of phenolic compounds with acceptable degradation of anthocyanin pigments from an unusual source: Brazilian jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) skins. The use of ultrasonic irradiation continuously supporting a main extraction process has demonstrated increased performance but implies in high consumption of energy and consequently, money. However, the procedure described in this paper appears to be a viable option because it uses shorter ultrasonic irradiation and results in high antioxidant activity extracts, and the anthocyanin profile corroborates literature data (cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside).

Extraction of antioxidant compounds from Jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) skins: Yield, composition and economical evaluation

Phytochemistry and health benefits of jaboticaba, an emerging fruit crop from Brazil

The aim of this study was to produce a natural pigment powder with functional properties. To optimise the spray-drying process, a central composite design with 17 treatments was used, in which the independent variables were the inlet drying air temperature (138–202 °C), the feed flow rate (20–67 mL/min), and the concentration of the carrier (maltodextrin, 100–300 g/kg of extract). The dependent variables were the moisture content, hygroscopicity, and anthocyanin retention. The samples were analysed by: anthocyanin and phenolic content; antioxidant properties based on the ORAC and DPPH assays; antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Escherichia coli; and inhibitory activity against arginase, an enzyme produced by Leishmania amazonensis. The experimental design was not significant or predictive in the ranges studied. The selected samples contained high concentrations of anthocyanins and phenolics, and high antioxidant capacities. In addition, they exhibited antimicrobial activity against three of the four microorganisms tested, and some of the samples also exhibited a bactericidal effect. Moreover, the powders exerted inhibitory activity (64–69%) against arginase. The results obtained in this study suggest that the jabuticaba depulping residue could be used to produce a natural pigment with functional properties.

L. M. Trevisan

Papers

CARBOHYDRATES, ORGANIC ACIDS AND ANTHOCYANINS OF Myrciaria jaboticaba, Berg

[Studies on Maillard's reaction. I. Effects of temperature and pH].