Iron pnictide superconductors represent a suggestive alternative to cuprate superconductors for achieving high transition temperatures. Using in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the electronic properties of FeSe are examined as a function of film thickness, providing valuable insights into the mechanism driving the superconductivity in this material.

Interface-induced superconductivity and strain-dependent spin density waves in FeSe/SrTiO3 thin films.

The iron-based superconductors that contain FeAs layers as the fundamental building block in the crystal structures have been rationalized in the past using ideas based on the Fermi surface nesting of hole and electron pockets when in the presence of weak Hubbard $U$ interactions This approach seemed appropriate considering the small values of the magnetic moments in the parent compounds and the clear evidence based on photoemission experiments of the required electron and hole pockets However, recent results in the context of alkali metal iron selenides, with generic chemical composition ${A}_{x}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{Se}}_{2}$ ($A=\mathrm{\text{alkali}}$ metal element), have challenged those previous ideas since at particular compositions $y$ the low-temperature ground states are insulating and display antiferromagnetic order with large iron magnetic moments Moreover, angle-resolved photoemission studies have revealed the absence of hole pockets at the Fermi level in these materials The present status of this exciting area of research, with the potential to alter conceptually our understanding of the iron-based superconductors, is here reviewed, covering both experimental and theoretical investigations Other recent related developments are also briefly reviewed, such as the study of selenide two-leg ladders and the discovery of superconductivity in a single layer of FeSe The conceptual issues considered established for the alkali metal iron selenides, as well as several issues that still require further work, are discussed

/pdf/colloquium-the-unexpected-properties-of-alkali-metal-iron-4kwdx59l2w.pdf

Colloquium: The unexpected properties of alkali metal iron selenide superconductors

The iron-based superconductors that contain FeAs layers as the fundamental building block in the crystal structures have been rationalized in the past using ideas based on the Fermi surface nesting of hole and electron pockets when in the presence of weak Hubbard U interactions. This approach seemed appropriate considering the small values of the magnetic moments in the parent compounds and the clear evidence based on photoemission experiments of the required electron and hole pockets. However, recent results in the context of alkali metal iron selenides, with generic chemical composition AxFe2ySe2 (A alkali metal element), have challenged those previous ideas since at particular compositions y the low-temperature ground states are insulating and display antiferromagnetic order with large iron magnetic moments. Moreover, angle-resolved photoemission studies have revealed the absence of hole pockets at the Fermi level in these materials. The present status of this exciting area of research, with the potential to alter conceptually our understanding of the ironbased superconductors, is here reviewed, covering both experimental and theoretical investigations. Other recent related developments are also briefly reviewed, such as the study of selenide two-leg ladders and the discovery of superconductivity in a single layer of FeSe. The conceptual issues considered establishedmore » for the alkali metal iron selenides, as well as several issues that still require further work, are discussed.« less

The unexpected properties of alkali metal iron selenide superconductors

Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) reveals the features of the electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional crystals which are crucial for spin and charge ordering and determine the mechanisms of electron–electron interactions, including superconducting pairing. The newly discovered iron-based superconductors (FeSC) promise interesting physics stemming, on one hand, from a coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism and, on the other, from a complex multi-band electronic structure. In this review I want to offer a simple introduction to the physics of FeSC, and to argue that all the complexity of FeSC properties is encapsulated in their electronic structure. For many compounds, this structure has been determined on the basis of numerous ARPES experiments and agrees reasonably well with the results of band structure calculations. Nevertheless, the existing small differences may help to understand the mechanisms of magnetic ordering and superconducting pairing in FeSC.

Iron-based superconductors: Magnetism, superconductivity, and electronic structure (Review Article)

Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) reveals the features of the electronic structure of quasi-two-dimensional crystals, which are crucial for the formation of spin and charge ordering and determine the mechanisms of electron-electron interaction, including the superconducting pairing. The newly discovered iron based superconductors (FeSC) promise interesting physics that stems, on one hand, from a coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism and, on the other hand, from complex multi-band electronic structure. In this review I want to give a simple introduction to the FeSC physics, and to advocate an opinion that all the complexity of FeSC properties is encapsulated in their electronic structure. For many compounds, this structure was determined in numerous ARPES experiments and agrees reasonably well with the results of band structure calculations. Nevertheless, the existing small differences may help to understand the mechanisms of the magnetic ordering and superconducting pairing in FeSC.

/pdf/iron-based-superconductors-magnetism-superconductivity-and-2tugah0e2j.pdf

Iron based superconductors: magnetism, superconductivity and electronic structure

While the parent compounds of the cuprate high temperature superconductors (high-Tc's) are Mott insulators, the iron-pnictide high-Tc's are in the vicinity of a metallic spin density wave (SDW) state, which highlights the difference between these two families. However, insulating parent compounds were identified for the newly discovered KxFe2-ySe2. This raises an intriguing question as to whether the iron-based high-Tc's could be viewed as doped Mott insulators like the cuprates. Here we report angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) evidence of two insulating and one semiconducting phases of KxFe2-ySe2, and the mesoscopic phase separation between the superconducting/semiconducting phase and the insulating phases. The insulating phases are characterized by the depletion of electronic states over a 0.5 eV window below the chemical potential, giving a compelling evidence for the presence of Mott-like physics. The charging effects and the absence of band folding in the superconducting/semiconducting phase further prove that the static magnetic and vacancy orders are not related to the superconductivity. Instead, the electronic structure of the superconducting phase is much closer to the semiconducting phase, indicating the superconductivity is likely developed by doping the semiconducting phase rather than the insulating phases.

Electronic identification of the actual parental phase of KxFe2-ySe2 superconductor and its intrinsic mesoscopic phase separation

As a refractory industrial solid waste, high-alumina fly ash is discharged
 into nature in large quantities, causing serious environmental harm. The
 extraction of valuable components, such as aluminum, from high-alumina fly
 ash has become a research hotspot at home and abroad. The shortcomings of
 traditional alumina extraction from high-alumina fly ash include long
 technological processes, large amounts of waste acid and alkali, and serious
 equipment corrosion. A novel method for alumina preparation by
 electrotransformation AlCl3 solution(EAS) under NH4Cl catalysis with
 injected CO2 has been proposed by Northeastern University. The process has
 advantages, such as short flow and no waste acid discharge. In this study,
 the influence of initial NH4Cl concentration in the cathodic chamber on
 solution pH, phase and morphology of electrotransformation products, phase,
 D(50) and D(90) of roasting products, and Al recovery rate were examined.
 Simultaneously, EAS was examined and compared with and without injected CO2
 as well as EAS under NH4Cl catalysis with and without injected CO2. The
 results showed that, when the solution in the cathodic chamber was NH4Cl
 with CO2 injection, with electrotransformation time extension, pH increased
 slowly and the morphology of electrotransformation products were all rough
 and fluffy block structures. Increasing initial NH4Cl concentration
 effectively improved the product crystallization states, roasting products
 D(50) and D(90), and Al recovery rate.

L. X. Yang

Papers

Electronic identification of the actual parental phase of KxFe2-ySe2 superconductor and its intrinsic mesoscopic phase separation

A novel method for alumina preparation by electrotransformation AlCl3 solution under NH4Cl-catalyzed and CO2-injected conditions