O corpo luteo (CL) e a glândula produtora de progesterona (P4), hormonio cuja secrecao continua e essencial para o inicio e a manutencao da gestacao em femeas equinas, e, consequentemente, para a aplicabilidade de inumeras biotecnicas de reproducao. Considerando-se a importância do CL para a manutencao de uma gestacao normal e suas caracteristicas anatomofisiologicas, objetivou-se determinar por ultra-sonografia (US) o tamanho e a morfoecogenicidade (ME) do CL em receptoras de embrioes equinos desde a ovulacao (D0) ate nove dias apos (D9), bem como os niveis plasmaticos de P4 produzida no mesmo periodo. Para tanto, 57 eguas receptoras de um programa de transferencia de embrioes foram examinadas diariamente por US transretal desde a primeira deteccao dos sinais de estro ate o D9. A cada exame, os CL foram mensurados e sua ME registrada segundo escore de 1 a 6 (1=anecoico; 6=hiperecoico). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas diariamente e a P4 dosada por radioimunoensaio. O diagnostico de gestacao foi realizado por US aos 13 e 25 dias apos a ovulacao. Houve uma tendencia de os corpos luteos apresentarem ME crescente (de 1 a 5) desde o dia da ovulacao ate o D9. Os niveis de P4 foram < 2,16 ng/ml ate o D3, com consequente elevacao e manutencao em niveis de diestro entre D4 e D9 (3,41 a 4,33 ng/ml). O tamanho luteinico nao diferiu, com excecao das medias extremas durante o periodo (D2 = 31,54 mm versus D8 = 25,95mm; p < 0,05). Assim, o aumento da ME media dos CLs avaliados por US e acompanhado por aumento na concentracao plasmatica de P4 em receptoras de embrioes, mas este evento parece nao ser dependente do tamanho da glândula luteinica. Nao existe diferenca na ME, no tamanho dos corpos luteos, nem nos niveis de P4 circulante do D0 ao D9 em receptoras de embrioes equinos que se tornaram gestantes ou nao apos a transferencia de embrioes.

/pdf/existem-relacoes-entre-tamanho-e-morfoecogenicidade-do-corpo-39x6gp71rk.pdf

Existem relações entre tamanho e morfoecogenicidade do corpo lúteo detectados pelo ultra-som e os teores de progesterona plasmática em receptoras de embriões eqüinos?

Ovarian follicular dynamics and duration of estrus and diestrus in Arabian vs. Quarter Horse mares

In this study, an attempt was made to use vaginal electrical impedance to predict calving in a female white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) and to determine the relationship between vaginal electrical impedance and hormonal profiles during pregnancy. The principle behind vaginal electrical impedance is that a change in the ionic balance of vaginal and cervical mucus occurs in response to changes in reproductive hormones. Three times weekly vaginal electrical impedance readings and fecal samples were collected from midgestation to calving (a 6-mo period). The extracted fecal samples were analyzed for immunoreactive estrogens, progestagens, and corticoids by RIA. Vaginal electrical impedance readings did not decrease before calving but remained consistent throughout the last 140 days of pregnancy. Fecal progestagens in the white rhinoceros decreased between day 17 and day 1 before calving, whereas estrogens increased between 4 and 2 mo before calving, with an additional increase occurring 1 mo before calving. Fecal corticoids increased 5 mo before calving, slowly declined, and increased again within 3 wk before calving. A decline in vaginal electrical impedance was noted 168 days before calving and remained at low levels for 4 wk. At the time of this decrease, the female became aggressive toward the male and began lactating. Fecal progestagens and estrogens did not change during this time; however, fecal corticoids increased as vaginal electrical impedance readings returned to normal along with her behavior and cessation of lactation. In summary, the use of vaginal electrical impedance could not predict parturition in the white rhinoceros. However, an anomaly occurred during pregnancy that was supported by vaginal electrical impedance readings, a change in female behavior, premature lactation, and a subsequent increase in fecal corticoids. The etiology of this physiological anomaly is unknown, yet it did not compromise pregnancy.

https://bioone.org/journals/journal-of-zoo-and-wildlife-medicine/volume-36/issue-3/04-097.1/THE-RELATIONSHIP-BETWEEN-VAGINAL-ELECTRICAL-IMPEDENCE-AND-HORMONE-PROFILES-DURING/10.1638/04-097.1.pdf

The relationship between vaginal electrical impedence and hormone profiles during pregnancy and parturition of a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum)

Twenty one mares were used, 11 Pure breed (PSA) and 10 cross-breed Arabicus (CA) from 3 to 11 years old. The animals were teased daily. The heat was supervised by rectum palpation at first twice, and thereafter, three times a day until the end of estrus. Independent of estrus stage, all animals were examined three times a week. To detect the ovulation time, the mares were examined at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 11:00 pm, through the whole estrus period, to observe the ovarian and follicles size, sensibility and consistency. The mean length of oestrous cycle was 24.24 ± 6.00 days, with 7.50 ± 4.16 days to estrus and 17.53 ± 3.18 to diestrus. The ontset of estrus occurred more frequently at 12:00 pm than at 8:00 am or 4:00 pm. Ovulations occurred at night (75%) and 25% during the day. Ovulations were frequently uniform in the ovariums. In 85% of the cases the estrus signs finished 24 hours after ovulation.

/pdf/biologia-reprodutiva-de-eguas-estudo-do-ciclo-estral-e-5c68ixgmez.pdf

Biologia reprodutiva de éguas: estudo do ciclo estral e momento de ovulação

/pdf/existem-relacoes-entre-tamanho-e-morfoecogenicidade-do-corpo-1kutngmgqi.pdf

Existem relações entre tamanho e morfoecogenicidade do corpo lúteo detectados pelo ultra-som e os teores de progesterona plasmática em receptoras de embriões eqüinos? Are there relationships between the luteal size, luteal morphoechogenicity by ultrasound and plasmatical progesterone concentrations in recipient mares?

Progesterone concentration and ovascan reading during the estrous cycle in arabian mares

         The objective of this study was to evaluate the PAG and P4 profiles in pregnant and non-pregnant does using Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Additionally, the study aimed to compare the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and accuracy (Acc) of pregnancy diagnosis using PAG and P4 detection in serum samples. Twenty does were synchronized using P4 sponge+eCG for 12 days, followed by breeding after estrus. Blood samples were collected at different experimental periods (22, 30, 40, and 60 days post-mating) and analyzed using EIA and ELISA. The lambing and Ultrasonographic examination on day 60 were used as a golden standard for pregnancy evaluation. The results demonstrated that both PAG and P4 mean concentrations significantly increased in pregnant does compared to non-pregnant does in all experimental periods. When comparing the efficiency of each method for pregnancy prediction, the PAG assay method showed a sensitivity (Se) similar to P4 (85%) at day 22 post-mating, but reached 100% at day 30 for PAG and day 40 for P4. Additionally, the accuracy (Acc) of the PAG analysis method was higher than P4 at day 22 (80% vs. 75%) and day 30 (95% vs. 85%), and reached 100% on day 40. In contrast, the Acc of the P4 assay for pregnancy diagnosis was 95% at days 40 and 60. The specificity (Sp) was lower in both methods, but the diagnosis using the PAG assay was better than P4 on all days, reaching its optimal value on day 40, while reach to 83% for P4 assay method on day 40 and 60 PM. The present study concluded that both PAG and P4 analyses were specific and reliable methods for pregnancy determination in does starting from day 22 onward, but the PAG assay was more accurate than the P4 assay.

https://jam.utq.edu.iq/index.php/main/article/download/252/267

Evaluate the effectiveness of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Progesterone in predicting the gestational status in Goats

This study aimed to test a linkage between Inhibin beta A (INHβA) polymorphism and semen quality in Holstein bulls in Iraqi Artificial Insemination Center. The experiment trial was carried out on (12 n) pure Holstein breed bulls. The study period started from January 2022 until February 2022. The Ejaculates were collected and its characteristics were evaluated immediately, additionally, 10 ml of blood were collected from each bull (12 samples) for genomic DNA extraction to determine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and compared with semen quality. The findings showed the presence of four variants at Exon 2; C (903) T, C (916)Y, G (917)K, and G (966) R in Exon 2 when compared with Gene sequence ID: XM_024990466.1. Two out of four Exon 2 SNPs were non-sense mutations(C (903) T and G (966) R), while the remains were missense which made the change in Arginine > phenylalanine at position (306). Regarding the volume of ejaculates, the results recorded that non-significant difference was shown in whole alleles of the loci, except in one locus (G (966) R), the bulls that had a wild allele (A) recorded maximum collected volume (p < 0.001). In addition, the bulls that represented wild genotypes showed a significant increase in sperm concentration and both mass and individual motility than mutant genotypes in all loci. Moreover, The results of the dead sperm percentage showed a non-significant correlation between the genotypes of all loci except in C (903) T, which demonstrated the superiority of the wild allele over the mutant. Lastly, the results prevailed that the mutant genotype related to the bad semen quality for the bulls, while, the wild genotypes showed good semen parameters, these results may be due to the effect of SNPs on the expression of INHA or the increase in its activity.

L. Younis

Papers

Progesterone concentration and ovascan reading during the estrous cycle in arabian mares

Evaluate the effectiveness of Pregnancy-Associated Glycoprotein and Progesterone in predicting the gestational status in Goats

The Relationship Between The Polymorphism of Beta A (Βa) Sheet of Inhibin Gene and Semen Characteristics in Holstein Bulls