Women, policy and politics. The construction of policy problems

Male entrepreneurs are known to raise higher levels of funding than their female counterparts, but the underlying mechanism for this funding disparity remains contested. Drawing upon regulatory focus theory, we propose that the gap originates with a gender bias in the questions that investors pose to entrepreneurs. A field study conducted on question-and-answer interactions at TechCrunch Disrupt New York City during 2010 through 2016 reveals that investors tend to ask male entrepreneurs promotion-focused questions and female entrepreneurs prevention-focused questions, and that entrepreneurs tend to respond with matching regulatory focus. This distinction in the regulatory focus of investor questions and entrepreneur responses results in divergent funding outcomes for entrepreneurs whereby those asked promotion-focused questions raise significantly higher amounts of funding than those asked prevention-focused questions. We demonstrate that every additional prevention-focused question significantly hinders ...

We ask men to win and women not to lose: Closing the gender gap in startup funding.

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Why So Slow The Advancement Of Women

In 2008, Cathy O’Neil, a data scientist at the hedge fund D.E. Shaw, watched as the entire financial sector around her imploded.1 The financial crisis gave O’Neil, a self-proclaimed math nerd with a Ph.D., a front row seat to the weaponization of mathematics. During the financial crisis, complex mathematical models designed and marketed to be superior to human ability and beyond the confines of human subjectivity turned out to be farces—layers of false assumptions coated in difficult-to-understand layers of mathematics. In order to dupe both the public and themselves, financial analysts at banks used models and algorithms as a justification for their subjective and flawed inputs. Ten years after the financial crisis, O’Neil sees these nefarious models infiltrating every aspect of modern life. These “Weapons of Math Destruction”—as O’Neil calls them—are (1) “opaque,” (2) “beyond dispute or appeal,” and (3) disproportionally impact the underprivileged.2 These Weapons of Math Destruction, or WMDs, replace the role of traditional subjective decision makers and cause those affected by their decisionmaking to adjust their ways of life to the models. In Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy, O’Neil highlights different WMDs that have infiltrated various areas of American life.

Weapons of Math Destruction: How Big Data Increases Inequality and Threatens Democracy

Beyond Bias and Barriers : Fulfilling the Potential of Women in Academic Science and Engineering

This article proposes a three-step methodological framework called computational grounded theory, which combines expert human knowledge and hermeneutic skills with the processing power and pattern ...

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0049124117729703

Computational Grounded Theory: A Methodological Framework

In this study, we set out to examine the role of language in the success of online fundraising. In particular, we evaluate the influence of linguistic content on fundraising outcomes, above and beyond type of product or service offered. Online fundraising settings pose an interesting empirical puzzle: women are systematically more successful than men, an outcome contrary to offline gender inequality. We propose that this outcome is partially explained by linguistic differences between men and women in terms of language they use, and we test this mechanism using data from the online crowdfunding platform Indiegogo. The results support our theory, suggesting that the institution of crowdfunding may reduce gender inequalities in the fundraising arena by benefiting the communication style of women.

Gender and the Language of Crowdfunding

Advances in computer science and computational linguistics have yielded new, and faster, computational approaches to structuring and analyzing textual data. These approaches perform well on tasks l...

The Future of Coding: A Comparison of Hand-Coding and Three Types of Computer-Assisted Text Analysis Methods:

In this study, we set out to examine the role of language in the success of online fundraising--a new form of entrepreneurial project financing. In particular, we evaluate the influence of linguist...

Leveraging the alignment between machine learning and intersectionality: Using word embeddings to measure intersectional experiences of the nineteenth century U.S. South

Laura K. Nelson

Papers

Computational Grounded Theory: A Methodological Framework

Gender and the Language of Crowdfunding

The Future of Coding: A Comparison of Hand-Coding and Three Types of Computer-Assisted Text Analysis Methods:

Gender and the Language of Crowdfunding

Leveraging the alignment between machine learning and intersectionality: Using word embeddings to measure intersectional experiences of the nineteenth century U.S. South