Technology plays an essential and important role in industrial and developing countries. Technology has affected almost all walk of human life such as education and social life. It has drastically changed the cultural norms and behavior of individuals. This study aims to find out the relation between mobile technology and its effects on face- to- face communications at Al-Azhar University in Gaza. The major objectives of this research are to examine the relationship between mobile technology use and the ability of people to communicate face- to- face and to find out whether mobile usage is weakening the quantity and quality of face- to- face interactions. This study found out that the use of mobile technology have negative impact on both the quality and the quantity of face- to- face communications. The study concludes that mobile use by individuals has reduced the time they spend engaging in face- to- face communications with each other because of the time spent on the mobile.

Effects of Mobile Technology on Human Relationships

Background.  Lichen planus ruber is a common inflammatory disease of skin and mucous membranes with a chronic relapsing course, resistance to conventional therapy, diverse clinical manifestations and capacity of tumourisation. Dermatosis is often comorbid with various underlying gastrointestinal, cardiovascular illnesses and endocrinopathies. Women are more impacted than men (ratio 1.4:1), the disease lasts from 5 to 40 years. Objectives.  Assessment of the efficacy and safety of current therapies for lichen planus ruber. Methods.  The PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, eLibrary and Scopus databases were mined for randomised controlled studies on treatment of this dermatosis in the period of 2014–2020, and selected impactive publications within 1991–2012 were also included in the review. The following keywords were used: lichen planus [красный плоский лишай], systemic and local drugs [системные и местные препараты], phototherapy [фототерапия], physiotherapeutic methods of treatment [физиотерапевтические методы лечения]. Publications in peer-reviewed journals had priority. Content and descriptive analyses were used as research tools. Results.  Therapy for lichen planus ruber is multicomponent including a wide range of techniques, mostly immune-stimulating but often unproved for efficacy and safety. Selected studies are small-sample. The review presents feasible drug-based and physiotherapeutic methods to tackle lichen planus ruber, their application by the disease clinical presentation and prevalence, patient’s personal discomfort, psycho-emotional status and comorbidity. We describe the mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, application types and noxious side effects in practiced albeit sometimes contentious therapies. Conclusion.  Further well-designed research is warranted to aim at enhanced efficacy, safety and long-term remission in therapy for lichen planus ruber.

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Красный плоский лишай. Современные методы терапии: систематический обзор

One of the express diagnostic methods is a crystallographic study of the oral fluid of this category of patients. Based on the quantitative and qualitative criteria of saliva obtained by the method of wedge dehydration, it is possible to non-invasively assess the effectiveness of the therapy and timely correct the prescribed treatment.Aim. To conduct a comparative analysis of the crystallograms of the oral fluid in the dynamics of the treatment of patients with pathology of the oral mucosa.Materials and methods. 90 patients were examined with a diagnosis of K12.00 aphthous stomatitis (small), chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mild form). All patients were divided into 3 groups according to the methods of therapy 1:1:1 according to the principle of randomization. To assess the state of the oral fluid of patients with aphthous stomatitis against the background of various methods of treatment, the method of wedge-shaped dehydration was used, where the transition of a drying biological fluid into a solid state leads to a certain static order that can be observed and studied. Saliva was used as the material for the study.Results. A qualitative analysis of the crystallograms revealed various types of structures with inclusions of bent prismatic crystals. Prismatic, fragmentary, curved, X-shaped, skeletal types of crystals were found throughout the entire field of view. At the same time, there was no clear structured picture as a result of a violation of the normal crystallization process.Conclusion. There is a clear need for further research into the molecular etiopathogenesis of these conditions, which should allow the identification of more specific molecular targets for the development of diagnostic tests and therapeutic intervention. Based on the data obtained, the wedge dehydration method used for crystallographic examination of the oral fluid objectively reflects the state of the oral mucosa and can be used as an additional non-invasive method for diagnosing inflammatory and destructive diseases of the oral mucosa, as well as for correcting the treatment plan and monitoring the results of therapy.

Analysis of crystallograms of oral fluid in the dynamics of treatment of patients with pathology of the oral mucosa

Abstract. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in children. There are not many modern data on the prevalence and incidence of AR in children, and therefore it is difficult to form strategies aimed at prevention at an early age. In turn, information deficiency causes a low level of allergic alertness among doctors regarding the implementation of AR in children and leads to an increase in the number of patients with AR with late diagnoses, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their families, which has significant socio-economic consequences. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of AR among children living in the Odintsovo urban district of the Moscow region. In the conditions of the polyclinic, 61204 cards of children for 2017-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the data obtained, the following statistical indicators were calculated: gender and age composition of patients with AR, incidence, prevalence for specific annual indicators and age groups. At the time of the retrospective analysis, 946 children were diagnosed with AR, including Asthma and AR in 294 children, hay fever in 317 children, isolated AR in 335 children. In 2020, the incidence was 12.67 per 1000 children, and the prevalence was 126.91 per 1000 children, these Fig.s are increasing annually. The incidence in different age categories, namely 6-7 years and 8-12 years, is higher than the average prevalence in the district and with the growing population, the incidence increases. Our data on the prevalence of AR in the Odintsovo urban district have some overlap with the data on the prevalence in the Russian Federation and in the world, but meanwhile, on average, they are still underestimated than according to ISAAC data and have a wide variation in different age categories, which requires further study. on additional samples of children in the region.

Analysis of incidence and tactics of a dentist in the diagnosis of precancer diseases of the mouth mucosa

Objectives. To evaluate the correlation between the psycho-emotional state and the pain factor in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP). 
Methodology. Patients (n = 287) with various verified clinical forms of OLP of the oral mucosa (OM) and patients of the control group (without OLP) (n = 32), matched by gender and age, were studied. The levels of anxiety and depression were studied according to the Beck method, the intensity of pain sensations on a visual analog scale using author's computer programs. 
Results. In the structure of the examined patients with OLP, the following clinical forms prevailed: typical form was 39.7% (n = 114), erosive-ulcerative – 31.0% (n = 89), exudative-hyperemic – 21.9% (n = 63 ), other forms – 7.4%, (n = 21). 
Analysis of the correlation between pain and anxiety (BAI) and depression (BDI) revealed positive mean correlations: r = 0.5627 (95% CI 0.4754–0.6390) and r = 0.4349 (95% CI 0, 3330–0.5268), at p < 0.0001, respectively. It is worth noting that the pain factor had a 29% greater influence on the state of anxiety than on the depression factor. 
Conclusion. In the complex therapy of OLP, it is necessary to take into account the psychological profile of patients, pain, understanding that these factors can be either initiating or supporting the pathological state. In view of this, the issue of an interdisciplinary approach and general planning of therapy with the involvement of specialized specialists is especially acute. The applied author's programs have shown convenience for both doctors and patients.

Assessment of the correlation between psycho-emotional state and pain factor in patients with oral lichen planus

Background. In this article, we studied the frequency of combination of oral lichen planus with somatic pathology. The analysis of the survey, testing of individuals with oral lichen planus, laboratory blood counts; personalized advisory opinions of the local therapists. The influence of local adverse factors was studied by analyzing the indicators of galvanic current and the oral hygiene index. 
 Objectives ― to study the frequency of combination of lichen planus with somatic pathology, the level of psycho-emotional status of patients, the role of local adverse factors in the oral cavity. 
 Methods. There were analyzed two groups of patients in the age of 24―65 years. The main group (numbered in 22 people), included patients with oral lichen planus and control group (numbered in 15 people) combined people without pathology of the oral mucosa. The main group was divided into two subgroups I (numbered in 11 people), combined patients with a typical form of oral lichen planus and subgroup II (numbered in 11 people) included patients with an erosive-ulcerative form of oral lichen planus. Clinical and laboratory examinations were conducted by a local therapist to identify somatic pathology. Filled in the “health questionnaire” and tested by the method of Zung. Determined the concentration of glucose in blood; blood pressure indicators; the level of hygiene and galvanic current. 
 Results. Questioning showed that patients with oral lichen planus have somatic pathology. Testing according to Zung's method revealed psycho-emotional disorders. Clinical and laboratory examination by a therapist revealed 100 % somatic pathology, concentration of glucose in blood and blood pressure in most individuals exceeded WHO standards. Analysis of the hygiene index showed a low level of oral hygiene; analysis of galvanometry revealed the presence of galvanic current in the oral cavity. 
 Conclusions. Among all patients with oral lichen planus somatic pathology was detected in 100 % of cases. Lichen planus proceeds against the background of psycho-emotional disorders. Local unfavorable factors of the oral cavity (low level of hygiene and galvanic current) aggravate the course of lichen planus, slow down the regeneration.

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The frequency of combination of oral lichen planus with somatic pathology and local unfavorable factors of the oral cavity

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The data characteristic of the questionnaire survey, microcrystallization and laboratory indicators of oral fluid in patients with lichen planus

Background. In this article, we have studied the frequency of the combination of diseases of the oral mucosa with somatic pathology and local factors of the oral cavity of gerontological patients. A clinical dental examination of the elderly and old people who addressed to the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry in Omsk State Medical University on the basis of Omsk dental polyclinics No. 1 was carried out. 
Objectives ― to study the frequency of combinations of diseases of the oral mucosa with somatic pathology and local oral factors. 
Methods. 120 patients aged 55―85 with periodontal diseases, the oral mucosa and red border were examined. Out of those 120 people 96 ones (80 %) were women; 24 (20 %) were men. Informed consent was obtained from all patients for examination, treatment, observation and «health questionnaires» were filled out. The analysis of the personalized advisory conclusions of the local therapist is carried out. An analysis was made of the oral hygiene index, galvanic current indicators, and the indications of gerontological patients in prosthetic treatment were fulfilled. 
Results. An analysis of the personalized advisory conclusions by the local physician showed that diseases of the oral mucosa of gerontological patients were combined with somatic pathology. The analysis of the hygiene index revealed unsatisfactory hygiene in 72 % cases. Galvanic currents were found in the oral cavity of gerontological patients in 52.2 % cases. 
Conclusions. In 100 % cases, somatic pathology was combined with diseases of the oral mucosa of gerontological patients. Local unfavourable factors: poor hygiene, galvanosis, irrational denture exacerbated the course of diseases of the oral mucosa and worsened the quality of life of gerontological patients.

Combination of diseases of the oral mucosa, red border with somatic pathology and local factors of the oral cavity of gerontological patients

Background. In this article we have studied the results of a sociological survey of young people living in Omsk, users of modern electronic devices and their impact on the organs and systems of the human body. 
Objectives ― to study the frequency of using electronic devices in various spheres of life of Omsk residents; to assess the influence of electromagnetic radiation of a personal computer on the human body; establish the frequency of visits to the dentist for the purpose of a preventive examination. 
Methods. An electronic survey (Google Form) of 318 people was conducted in order to study issues related to electronic devices, general and dental health. The questionnaire consists of 25 questions, conventionally divided into 4 thematic groups. 
Results. Out of 318 people 80% of survey participants work on a personal computer every day for 2-3 hours without a break. 95% of respondents are aware of the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation from electronic devices. 52.5% of the respondents do not comply with the recommendations regulated by the Russian Federation when working on a PC; 11% have no information about their existence. 80.8% of respondents visit a dentist 1-2 times a year for a preventive examination. 
Conclusions. According to the results of a sociological survey in the format of a questionnaire, the majority of respondents work on a personal computer every day, not observing hygiene recommendations. It has been proven that a long stay at a personal computer is unsafe for human organs and systems. It is necessary to develop dental recommendations for the prevention of the negative impact of electromagnetic radiation from a personal computer on the state of the oral cavity.

Sociological assesment of the influence of electronic devices on human health

Background. One of the urgent problems of modern medicine is the formation and development of an interprofessional approach to the complex therapy of patients with combined pathology. An interdisciplinary approach to the examination and treatment of patients with concomitant diseases is due to the interconnection of the oral mucosa with systemic diseases. Literature data indicate the pathogenetic commonality of systemic connective tissue diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis with periodontitis and oral mucosa diseases, which is based on a diffuse inflammatory process. 
Objectives ― study of a clinical case of combined lesion of the oral mucosa of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis during treatment with methotrexate. 
Methods. We examined patient R. — an elderly man of 72-year-old with ulcerative and necrotic lesions of the oral mucosa, simultaneously suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and receiving methotrexate as maintenance therapy. The patient was sent to the Department of Therapeutic Dentistry of Omsk State Medical University, to the clinical base of dental clinic № 1 in Omsk in order to clarify the diagnosis and prescribe complex treatment. 
Results. Patient R. revealed a combined ulcerative-necrotic lesion of the oral mucosa and gums with rheumatoid arthritis. Joint general and local medical treatment by a dentist of lesions of the oral mucosa, gums, examination, observation in dynamics and the advice of a physician-therapist in terms of prescribing maintenance therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by reducing the dose of the drug (methotrexate) gave a joint positive effect in a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of a patient with comorbid pathology. 
Conclusions. Our research has shown that it is necessary to increase activity in the development of an interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists and internists. The continuity and friendship of doctors of different specialties make it possible to get a positive result in the treatment and improve the quality of life of patients.

Laura Simonyan

Papers

The frequency of combination of oral lichen planus with somatic pathology and local unfavorable factors of the oral cavity

The data characteristic of the questionnaire survey, microcrystallization and laboratory indicators of oral fluid in patients with lichen planus

Combination of diseases of the oral mucosa, red border with somatic pathology and local factors of the oral cavity of gerontological patients

Sociological assesment of the influence of electronic devices on human health

Systemic and dental pathology of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis on the background of metotrexate therapy (clinical case)