Methods for the assessment of human body composition: traditional and new.

Theory of use of the turnover rates of body water for measuring energy and material balance

Researchers have recently made advances in defining the pathogenesis of gout, including elucidating its risk factors and tracing the molecular mechanisms of renal urate transport and crystal-induce

Pathogenesis of Gout

Gout

Although it is self-evident that the study of human nutrition has as its goal the optimal nutrition of man, the nutritional status of the body best suited to optimal performance, i.e., optimal nutrition, has unfortunately not yet been satisfactorily defined. Body composition of animals may be measured by direct chemical analysis and correlated with dietary intake and with the various aspects of performance; studies of body composition of living man, on the other hand, must rely on indirect measure ments. The following two reports, which give an account of the current status of the attack on the difficult task of measuring body composition in living man, are sponsored by the Committee on Nutrition to call attention to the resurgence of effort in this field during recent years. A fuller knowledge of the gross composition of the human body and its relation to preceding diet will constitute a significant step towards realization of the ultimate goal of nutritional science. Even then, a particular body composition will be of importance primarily in terms of functional performance. The availability of newer techniques should do much to stimulate physicians and nutritionists in defining body composition as an essential step in arriving at a more exact definition of optimal nutrition.

https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/29/3/476.full.pdf

Human body composition

THE beneficial effects of reserpine in the control of agitated, hyperactive patients1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 suggested exploration of its usefulness in controlling the symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism. Reserpine has been noted to cause ptosis, bradycardia, increase in body weight and reduction of basal metabolic rate in euthyroidal experimental subjects.9 10 11 12 Furthermore, hyperthyroidism has been considered a disease of diencephalic origin by many investigators, and reserpine has its tranquilizing effects in this area of the central nervous system.6 , 9 , 11 , 13 Method and Material Twenty-one studies in 20 patients were conducted with the use of oral or intramuscular administration of reserpine.∥ Before treatment all patients demonstrated typical . . .

Effects of Oral and Intramuscular Administration of Reserpine in Thyrotoxicosis

HYPERURICEMIA has been reported to occur in a wide variety of metabolic abnormalities. The demonstration of elevated serum uric acid levels in such diverse pathologic states as acromegaly,1 myxedema,2 hypoparathyroidism,3 pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism,4 diabetes mellitus5 and essential hypercholesterolemia6 defies a common physiologic explanation. Our recent experiences with hyperparathyroid subjects suggests that the association of hyperuricemia and functioning parathyroid adenomas is not infrequent. The further demonstration of a surprising incidence of gout in these subjects bears emphasis. It is the purpose of this paper to report the incidence of these combined abnormalities in a small group of patients, the effect of removal of . . .

Hyperuricemia in Hyperparathyroidism

Fatalities resulting from acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) intoxication are rare,1but when sufficient amounts are taken the drug is an effective suicidal agent. The exact lethal dose is unknown, but death has followed doses of as little as 2 Gm.2However, adults must ordinarily ingest 15 to 30 Gm. before a fatality will ensue. Salicylates inflict pathological lesions of an irreversible nature in the central nervous system, and treatment, in the absence of a specific antidote, depends on rapid removal from the body. Normally, the kidney is the chief route of excretion. When suicidal amounts are ingested, severe renal impairment may occur, and this complication or the presence of antecedent renal disease imposes formidable obstacles to treatment.3 REPORT OF A CASE A 39 year old white man was first admitted, in coma, to another hospital at 6:45 p. m. It was learned from his wife that he had

Acetylsalicylic acid intoxication; a proposed method of treatment.

https://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343(58)90313-9/pdf

Laurence H. Kyle

Papers

Effects of Oral and Intramuscular Administration of Reserpine in Thyrotoxicosis

Hyperuricemia in Hyperparathyroidism

Acetylsalicylic acid intoxication; a proposed method of treatment.

Phosphate clearance in the diagnosis of parathyroid dysfunction.

Renal hyperchloremic acidosis: Familial occurrence of nephrocalcinosis with hyperchloremia and low serum bicarbonate