This review article summarizes the applications of bismuth(III) compounds in organic synthesis since 2002. Although there are an increasing number of reports on applications of bismuth(III) salts in polymerization reactions, and their importance is acknowledged, they are not included in this review. This review is largely organized by the reaction type although some reactions can clearly be placed in multiple sections. While every effort has been made to include all relevant reports in this field, any omission is inadvertent and we apologize in advance for the same (358 references).

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Applications of bismuth(III) compounds in organic synthesis

A magnificent edifice called acid/base chemistry is rooted in a single proton, small in size but of enormous importance. The upper floors of this building are reserved for biochemistry, while the penthouse belongs to life science. The edifice will grow into a sky scraper-like in the 21st century. Evidence provided by this Review shows that the coalescence of experimental and theoretical/computational work is not only highly desirable for that purpose, but, in fact, greatly needed.

Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account

https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00879623/document

Luminescent materials incorporating pyrazine or quinoxaline moieties

A new series of push–pull arylvinyldiazines has been efficiently prepared by aldol condensation between the appropriate methyldiazine and aromatic aldehyde. The optical absorption and emission properties of these chromophores were studied in different solvents and media. These compounds act as polarity sensors with a strong positive emission solvatochromism. This behavior suggests a highly polar emitting state, which is characteristic of compounds that undergo an internal charge transfer upon excitation. These molecules also exhibit halochromic properties and are potential colorimetric and luminescence pH sensors. The second-order nonlinear properties have been investigated for some of the compounds, and large and positive μβ are obtained, in particular, for pyrimidine derivatives.

Synthesis and Photophysical Investigation of a Series of Push–Pull Arylvinyldiazine Chromophores

A series of V-shaped 4,6-bis(arylvinyl)pyrimidines have been efficiently prepared by aldol condensation between 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine and the appropriate aromatic aldehyde. The methodology also proved successful when dendritic first generation poly(phenylenevinylene) aldehydes were used. Moreover, asymmetrically functionalized molecules were also obtained by the stepwise incorporation of arms in a controlled manner. The optical absorption and emission properties of these systems were studied in different solvents and media. The materials display strong emission solvatochromism that is reflected by a large red shift in their fluorescence emission maxima on increasing the solvent polarity. This change is accompanied by a successive decrease in fluorescence intensity. This behavior suggests a highly polar emitting state, which is characteristic of compounds that undergo an internal charge transfer upon excitation. The abilities of these molecules to function as colorimetric and luminescence pH sensors were ...

V-Shaped 4,6-Bis(arylvinyl)pyrimidine Oligomers: Synthesis and Optical Properties

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF EXTENDED π-SYSTEMS FROM METHYLDIAZINES AND AROMATIC ALDEHYDES1

Ring Versus Nitrogen Protonation of Anilines

Synthesis of π-Conjugated Systems from Methyldiazines and Aromatic Aldehydes under PTC Conditions and without Organic Solvent

Synthesis and characterization of novel oligo(phenylenevinylene) derivatives

Abstract New electro-conjugated diazine-based oligo(phenylene vinylene) derivatives with some interesting optical and thermal properties have been synthesised and characterised. These conjugated systems are built up on two benzenic cycles linked to a central diazine, either pyrimidine or pyrazine, through a carbon-carbon double bond. Both benzenic rings are substituted by one or two alkoxy chains. The length, the position and the number of alkoxy chains per benzenic ring have been varied and have proved to modulate both optical and thermal properties. Optical properties have been studied by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy as well as emission spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray scattering and optical microscopy under crossed polarizers have been applied for characterising the thermal transitions and crystalline changes occurring in these conjugated systems.

Laurent Pascal

Papers

QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT-ASSISTED SYNTHESIS OF EXTENDED π-SYSTEMS FROM METHYLDIAZINES AND AROMATIC ALDEHYDES1

Ring Versus Nitrogen Protonation of Anilines

Synthesis of π-Conjugated Systems from Methyldiazines and Aromatic Aldehydes under PTC Conditions and without Organic Solvent

Synthesis and characterization of novel oligo(phenylenevinylene) derivatives

Optical and thermal properties of novel diazine-based oligo(phenylene vinylene)s