Lawrence D. Frank

TL;DR: In this article, neighborhood environment characteristics proposed to be relevant to walking/cycling for transport are defined, including population density, connectivity, and land use mix, with evidence suggesting that residents from communities with higher density, greater connectivity and more land-use mix report higher rates of walking and cycling for utilitarian purposes than low-density, poorly connected, and single land use neighborhoods.

TL;DR: Land-use mix had the strongest association with obesity, and relationships among urban form, walk distance, and time in a car were stronger among white than black cohorts, while relationships among the built environment, travel patterns, and weight may vary across gender and ethnicity.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that community design is significantly associated with moderate levels of physical activity is supported and the rationale for the development of policy that promotes increased levels of land-use mix, street connectivity, and residential density as interventions that can have lasting public health benefits is supported.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the association between a single index of walkability that incorporated land use mix, street connectivity, net residential density, and retail floor area ratios, with health-related outcomes in King County, Washington.

TL;DR: The authors provide a conceptual model of a healthy nutrition environment, then review the types of measures required to assess various aspects of this environment.