Im echten (analogen) Leben sind wir eher selten offenen Beleidigungen oder Hass ausgesetzt. Im Internet hingegen lesen wir deutlich häufiger wütende, hasserfüllte Kommentare, Snaps, Tweets und Posts gegen uns oder gegen andere. Für diesen Hass im Netz gibt es den Begriff "Hate Speech". Hate Speech ist ein Phänomen dem rund zwei Drittel (67 Prozent) der Onliner schon einmal begegnet sind, wie eine forsa-Umfrage im Auftrag der Landesanstalt für Medien NRW (LfM) zeigt.

What about Hate Speech

This bibliography is intended to serve as an extensive up-to-date resource for studying and researching the multi-faceted relationships between terrorism and the media, including the Internet. It contains over 2.200 records covering academic or professional journal articles (most of them peer-reviewed), book chapters, reports, conference contributions, books, theses and other text publications, mainly in English and German. To keep the bibliography manageable, smaller, more informal publications, e.g., blog posts, research briefs, commentaries, newspaper articles, or newsletters, were not considered – with a few exceptions of contributions containing ideas or subjects that were underrepresented in long-form academic or professional literature.

Terrorism and the Media (including the Internet): an Extensive Bibliography

Abstract Secure data distribution is critical for data accountability. Surveillance caused privacy breaching incidents have already questioned existing personal data collection techniques. Organizations assemble a huge amount of personally identifiable information (PII) for data-driven market analysis and prediction. However, the limitation of data tracking tools restricts the detection of exact data breaching points. Blockchain technology, an ‘immutable’ distributed ledger, can be leveraged to establish a transparent data auditing platform. However, Art. 42 and Art. 25 of general data protection regulation (GDPR) demands ‘right to forget’ and ‘right to erase’ of personal information, which goes against the immutability of blockchain technology. This paper proposes a GDPR complied decentralized and trusted PII sharing and tracking scheme. Proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system (BcPIIMS) demonstrates data movement among GDPR entities (user, controller and processor). Considering GDPR limitations, BcPIIMS used off-the-chain data storing architecture. A prototype was created to validate the proposed architecture using multichain. The use of off-the-chain storage reduces individual block size. Additionally, private blockchain also limits personal data leaking by collecting fast approval from restricted peers. This study presents personal data sharing, deleting, modifying and tracking features to verify the privacy of proposed blockchain based personally identifiable information management system.

/pdf/privacy-aware-blockchain-for-personal-data-sharing-and-343ih2t79z.pdf

Privacy-aware blockchain for personal data sharing and tracking

This thesis analyses the case of Levy v Von Moltke (South Africa, 1934) in which Reverend Abraham Levy (my great-grandfather) sued three leaders of a fascist organisation (Greyshirts) for defamation after they published a document based on the Protocols of the Elders of Zion (a notorious antisemitic propaganda tool) and implied that it was authored by him. The libel action, which Reverend Levy won, was the first time in a court of law that the Protocols was proved to be a fabrication. A central question is why, despite this case and other exposes of the Protocols as a fabrication, it continues to have widespread currency and appeal. The thesis interrogates whether the form of the narrative influences perception, and concludes that the courtroom was an effective forum for identifying and disproving the falsehoods disseminated by the Greyshirts that were gaining traction at a popular level. While the initial impact of the case was considerable, with time the effect has diminished. The creative component of this project seeks to ‘unshackle’ the Greyshirt case from the constraints of time, place and form, and re-frame it as a documentary stage play. In addition to critically analysing the case and assessing its contribution in academic terms, this project seeks to create a vehicle by which a public conversation could possibly begin and the contemporary reverberations could be considered. These themes have pertinence to contemporary ideologically-driven hate, propaganda and violence, and the continuing difficulty of separating truth from falsehood in public discourse.

/pdf/seeking-truth-and-challenging-prejudice-confronting-race-13rt99v8p5.pdf

Seeking truth and challenging prejudice : confronting race hatred through the South African Greyshirt case of Levy v Von Moltke

This article examines the public discourse that emerged in the aftermath of the 2011 decision of the Federal Court of Australia in Eatock v Bolt. We characterise the narrative of ‘the Bolt case’ as a ‘mobilising discourse’ that countered rather than echoed the decision itself. This discourse had three main messages: encouraging scepticism about the authenticity of fair-skinned Aboriginal persons and judgment by non-Aboriginal persons about the legitimacy of Aboriginal identity according to skin colour; questioning the legitimacy of racial vilification laws and strengthening a libertarian conception of freedom of speech. We explain how such a contrary discourse became dominant in the wake of a successful racial vilification action and consider the implications of these events.本文研究了2011年澳大利亚联邦法庭就伊脱克诉博尔特案做出判决后的公众议论。博尔特案的叙事属于“动员话语”，是对判决的反弹而非反响。该话语主要包括三个信息：鼓励对浅肤色原住人士的真实性的质疑，鼓励由非原住人士根据肤色判定原住民身份的合法性；质疑种族诽谤法的合理性；支持言论自由的观念。笔者解释了何以这种矛盾的话语盛行于一次成功的种族诽谤行动之后，并讨论了这些事件的影响。

Freedom of speech and racial vilification in Australia: 'The Bolt case' in public discourse

Introduction PART ONE: THEORISING REPUTATION 1. Reputation and Community: The Centrality of Moral Judgment 2. Moral Judgment and Conceptions of Reputation PART TWO: HISTORY, LAW AND REPUTATION 3. Reputation and the History of Defamation 4. The Development of the Common Law Actions PART THREE: REPUTATION AND ACTIONABLE DEFAMATION IN THE MODERN COMMON LAW 5. Protecting Reputation: The Principal Test for What is Defamatory 6. The 'Shun and Avoid' Test as the Basis for Actionability 7. The Ridicule Test as the Basis for Actionability 8. Ethical Recognition, Moral Diversity and 'The Right-Thinking Person' Conclusion: Re-thinking the Tests for What is Defamatory

Reputation and Defamation

Australian football is a cultural practice imbued with the history of the nation's race relations. Racist slurs against indigenous players embody the national history of dispossession and violence; they are not mere taunts by attacks on a person's being, a (re)statement of Aboriginal non-humanity. This article looks at the attempts to combat on-field racist abuse in football. It examines the Australian Football League's (AFL) prohibition on racist abuse that was implemented in 1995. Drawing on interviews with Aboriginal players it explains the impact of the rules and identifies some of the key factors that have influenced the degree and nature of that impact. It then considers how the AFL experience might inform a discussion of conciliation as a dispute resolution process in vilification complaints and the role of civil remedies in combating racial hatred.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1103005

Tackling Racial Hatred: Conciliation, Reconciliation and Football

Australian media law

The first time someone walked up and said ‘sambo’, it sort of shocked me. An Aboriginal AFL player.1[Michael Long] wants to clean it up for his race, the indigenous people of Australia … It's not i...

Tackling racial hatred: conciliation, reconciliation and football

Lawrence McNamara puts reputation in the balance and considers why it needs legal protection

Lawrence McNamara

Papers

Reputation and Defamation

Tackling Racial Hatred: Conciliation, Reconciliation and Football

Australian media law

Tackling racial hatred: conciliation, reconciliation and football

A Matter of Honour