Endorsed by
Unesco/SCOR/ICES/lAPSO Joint Panel
on Oceanographic Tables and Standards
and SCOR Working Group 51

Algorithms for the computation of fundamental properties of seawater.

Correlations and data for the thermophysical properties of seawater are reviewed. Properties examined include density, specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, vapor pressure, boiling point elevation, latent heat of vaporization, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient. These properties include those needed for design of thermal and membrane desalination processes. Results are presented in terms of regression equations as functions of temperature and salinity. The available correlations for each property are summarized with their range of validity and accuracy. Best-fi tted new correlations are obtained from available data for density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, boiling point elevation, specifi c enthalpy, specific entropy and osmotic coefficient after appropriate conversion of temperature and salinity scales to the most recent standards. In addition, a model for latent heat of vaporization is suggested. Comparisons are carried out amo...

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Thermophysical properties of seawater: a review of existing correlations and data

The thermophysical properties of seawater: A review of existing correlations and data

Electrostatic parameters in the Debye-Hiickel equations for activity coefficients and the relative partial molal enthalpies, internal energies, isochoric and isobaric heat capacities, volumes, comprcssibilities, and expansibilities of aqueous electrolytes have been computed for pressures and temperatures from l bar to 5 kb and 0° to 600°C. The calculations are based on the equation of state for H 20 derived by Keenan and others (1969) for pressures ~ a kilobar together with power functions of temperature and density (or pressure) obtained by regression analysis (Helgeson and Kirkham, l974a) of dielectric constant data (Oshry, ms; Owen and others, 1961; Heger, ms) and finite difference coefficients of isobaric thermal expansion and isothermal compressibility generated (Helgeson and Kirkham, l974a) from densities (Burnham, Holloway, and Davis, 1969) of H 20 at pressures > a kilobar. The Debye-Hiickel parameters are sensitive quasi-asymptotic functions of pressure and temperature, which may be monotonic or exhibit extrema, depending on the property. Changes in the dielectric constant and the Debye-Hiickel parameters with increasing temperature andfor decreasing pressure favor increasing mineral solubilities and extension of the applicability of DebyeHiickel theory to electrolytes with progressively higher concentrations. In the supercritical region, the absolute values of the limiting law parameters for the relative partial molal properties of electrolytes are of the order of 5 to > 1000 times larger than they are at 25°C and l bar.

Theoretical prediction of the thermodynamic behavior of aqueous electrolytes at high pressures and temperatures:II. Debye-Huckel parameters for activity coefficients and relative partial molal properties

Le Roy A. Bromley

Papers

Heat capacities of sea water solutions at salinities of 1 to 12% and temperatures of 2.degree. to 80.degree.

Heat capacity of sea water solutions. Partial and apparent values for salts and water