We downscale the results of a global tourism simulation model at a national resolution to a regional resolution. We use this to investigate the impact of climate change on the regions of Germany, Ireland and the UK. Because of climate change, tourists from all three countries would spend more holidays in the home country. In all three countries, climate change would first reduce the number of international arrivals—as Western European international tourist demand falls—but later increase numbers—as tourism demand from increasingly rich tropical countries grows. In Ireland and the UK, the regional pattern of demand shifts is similar to the international one: tourism shifts north. In Germany, the opposite pattern is observed as the continental interior warms faster than the coast: tourism shifts south.

The impact of climate change on tourism in Germany, the UK and Ireland: A simulation study

Skiing heavily relies on specific weather and environmental conditions to make participation both feasible and enjoyable. The lack of published research on the relationships among ski activity, weather, and climate is, therefore, surprising, especially in light of mounting evidence regarding climate change. The analyses of the influence of daily weather variations on daily ski lift ticket sales at two Michigan ski resorts presented here appear to be the first of their kind. Results suggest that weather variables such as minimum and maximum temperature, snow depth, and wind chill do indeed have a statistically significant impact on downhill ski lift ticket sales. The regression models developed could be used by outdoor recreation and tourism providers for both short-term decision making and longer-term planning and management activities, in particular those involving consideration of climate change and potential adaptation strategies.

Impact of Weather on Downhill Ski Lift Ticket Sales [Summary]

High mountain areas are experiencing some of the earliest and greatest impacts of climate change. However, knowledge on how climate change impacts multiple ecosystem services that benefit different stakeholder groups remains scattered in the literature. This article presents a review of the literature on climate change impacts on ecosystem services benefiting local communities and tourists in high mountain areas. Results show a lack of studies focused on the global South, especially where there are tropical glaciers, which are likely to be the first to disappear. Climate change impacts can be classified as impacts on food and feed, water availability, natural hazards regulation, spirituality and cultural identity, aesthetics, and recreation. In turn, climate change impacts on infrastructure and accessibility also affect ecosystem services. Several of these impacts are a direct threat to the lives of mountain peoples, their livelihoods and their culture. Mountain tourism is experiencing abrupt changes too. The magnitude of impacts make it necessary to strengthen measures to adapt to climate change in high mountain areas.

https://bioone.org/journals/Mountain-Research-and-Development/volume-37/issue-2/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00110.1/Climate-Change-Impacts-on-Ecosystem-Services-in-High-Mountain-Areas/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-16-00110.1.pdf

Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services in High Mountain Areas: A Literature Review

The mountains are calling! An extended TPB model for understanding metropolitan residents' intentions to visit nearby alpine destinations in summer

Weather perceptions, holidays satisfaction and perceived attractiveness of domestic vacationing in The Netherlands

Weather and climate are important factors for travel decision-making and overall tourist satisfaction. As central motivators for destination choice, they directly and indirectly influence demand patterns and can be a resource and limitation for tourism at the same time. In this paper, results of an in-situ survey of mountain summer tourists (n = 733) in the Alps in Southern Germany are presented. Respondents rated ‘rain’ as the most important aspect of weather during their holiday. During a 7-day holiday, 2.1 days of continuous rain are accepted, and 3.1 days of days with thunderstorms. The ideal temperature range is between 21 and 25 °C, thus lying 4–7 degrees lower than for beach tourism. Temperatures below 15 °C and above 30 °C are perceived as unacceptable. Statistically significant differences were found for several tourist types: Older tourists are more sensitive to heat, tourists with sports activities are more tolerant to cool temperatures, first-time visitors are more sensitive to rain and families with children prefer higher temperatures. From the results, some implications for mountain destinations arise: mountain destinations could be promoted as a heat refuge, and attracting sports tourists might be a promising way to reduce weather sensitivity; however, some variety of well-promoted weather independent attractions seems to be mandatory.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/7/5/63/pdf

Rain, Rain, Go Away, Come Again Another Day. Weather Preferences of Summer Tourists in Mountain Environments

Anhand von Befragungen in der Tiroler Gemeinde Alpbach wird untersucht, in wie weit sich das Bewusstsein fur die Zusammenhange zwischen Tourismus und Klimawandel bei Bewohnern, Beschaftigten und Gasten unterscheidet. Zudem wird eine Gesamtjahresbilanz der Mobilitat von Gasten, Bewohnern und Beschaftigten und des damit verbundenen CO2-Ausstoses dieser
Gemeinde abgeschatzt. Zwar ist bei allen Gruppen ein grundsatzliches Problembewusstsein
festzustellen und eine gewisse Bereitschaft fur Masnahmen zur Reduktion von Energieverbrauch und CO2-Emissionen auf Reisen, soweit diese keine wesentlichen Einschrankungen im Urlaubsverhalten betreffen. Im Detail zeigen sich jedoch signifikante Unterschiede. Da die Gesamtbilanz der Mobilitat die hohe Bedeutung der An- und Abreise fur die CO2-Jahresbilanz untermauert, sind mit dem Wissen uber das vorhandene Bewusstsein Masnahmen abzuleiten.

Mobilitätsbedingte Klimawirkung einer alpinen Tourismusdestination: CO2-Bilanz und Einschätzung durch Touristen, Bewohner und Beschäftigte

Abstract
 This chapter presents the results of a survey conducted in the alpine destination of Alpbach-Seenland (Province of Tyrol, Austria) which asked winter tourists (n=518) about the two-way relationship between climate change and tourism, measures to reduce tourism's energy consumption and carbon footprint, and factors that might support more eco-/climate-friendly modes of transport for holiday travel in the future.

Leandra Jänicke

Papers

Rain, Rain, Go Away, Come Again Another Day. Weather Preferences of Summer Tourists in Mountain Environments

Mobilitätsbedingte Klimawirkung einer alpinen Tourismusdestination: CO2-Bilanz und Einschätzung durch Touristen, Bewohner und Beschäftigte

Alpine winter tourists' view on climate change and travel mobility.