An apparatus for use in decoding a bar code symbol may include an image sensor integrated circuit having a plurality of pixels, timing and control circuitry for controlling an image sensor, gain circuitry for controlling gain, and analog to digital conversion circuitry for conversion of an analog signal to a digital signal. The apparatus may also include a PCB for mounting the image sensor integrated circuit and light source bank. The connection between the image sensor integrated circuit and/or light source bank and the PCB characterized by a plurality of wires connecting a plurality of bond pads and a plurality of contact pads, where the wires, bond pads, and contact pads provide electrical input/output and mechanical connections between the image sensor integrated circuit and the PCB. The apparatus may be operative for processing image signals generated by the image sensor integrated circuit for attempting to decode the bar code symbol.

Chip on board based highly integrated imager

An indicia-reading module is capable of integration into the smallest face of thin-profile smart device. The module employs chip-on-board packaging and a customized sensor enclosure to eliminate the stack-up height found in conventional packaging. The module also employs a customized frame to reduce volume by integrating circuit subassembly circuit boards into a unique architecture and by serving as the lenses for the illuminator and the aimer, thereby eliminating the need for any extra lenses or holders.

Indicia reader for size-limited applications

The photonic crystals draw significant attention to build all-optical logic devices and are considered one of the solutions for the opto-electronic bottleneck via speed and size. The paper presents a novel optical 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D square lattice photonic crystals of silicon rods. The main realization of optical encoder is based on the photonic crystal ring resonator NOR gates. The proposed structure has four logic input ports, two output ports, and two bias input port. The photonic crystal structure has a square lattice of silicon rods with a refractive index of 3.39 in air. The structure has lattice constant ‘a’ equal to 630 nm and bandgap range from 0.32 to 044. The total size of the proposed 4 × 2 encoder is equal to 35 μm × 35 μm. The simulation results using the dimensional finite difference time domain and Plane Wave Expansion methods confirm the operation and the feasibility of the proposed optical encoder for ultrafast optical digital circuits.

All-optical digital 4 × 2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystal ring resonators

A new design for concurrent implementation of all-optical half-adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonator has been proposed. The finite different time domain and plane wave expansion methods are used to analyze the behavior of the structure. The ring resonator has a low switching time of about 0.85 ps and low switching power equal to $$277\,\text{ mW}/\upmu \text{m}^{2}$$
 . The simulation results show that the contrast ratio is 12.78 dB for AND gate and 5.67 dB for XOR gate. Moreover, the operational wavelength of the input ports is $$1.55\,\upmu \text{m}$$
 . Since the structure has a simple geometric shape with clear operating principle, it is potentially applicable for photonic integrated circuits.

Concurrent implementation of all-optical half-adder and AND & XOR logic gates based on nonlinear photonic crystal

In this paper, we have proposed an all-optical logic gate structure based on line and point defects created in the two dimensional square lattice of silicon rods in air photonic crystals (PhCs). Line defects are embedded in the ГX and ГZ directions of the momentum space. The device has two input and two output ports. It has been shown analytically whether the initial phase difference between the two input beams is π /2, they interfere together constructively or destructively to realize the logical functions. The simulation results show that the device can acts as a XOR and an OR logic gate. It is applicable in the frequency range of 0–0.45 ( a / λ ), however we set it at ( a / λ =) 0.419 for low dispersion condition, correspondingly the lambda is equal to 1.55 µm. The maximum delay time to response to the input signals is about 0.4 ps, hence the speed of the device is about 2.5 THz. Also 6.767 dB is the maximum contrast ratio of the device.

All-optical XOR and OR logic gates based on line and point defects in 2-D photonic crystal

All-optical photonic crystal AND gate with multiple operating wavelengths

All-optical logic gate based on photonic crystal waveguides is a promising technique in future high-speed all-optical signal processing. In this paper, we propose a XOR logic gate based on two dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystals composed of cylindrical silicon rods in air. The main structure of the device is a line defect asymmetric Y branch waveguide. It is expected that there should be a phase shift between the two input beams. Hence, if an appropriate initial phase is introduced, the two input beams may interfere constructively or destructively to realize the logical functions. The simulation results show that the proposed all-optical photonic crystal waveguide structure could really function as XOR logic gates. The interference section length and width of photonic crystal waveguide structure are optimized for achieving the optimal performance for the proposed XOR logic gates. This device is potentially applicable for photonic integrated circuits.

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The designs of XOR logic gates based on photonic crystals

All-optical photonic-crystal encoder capable of operating at multiple wavelengths

All-optical logic gate is a basic and crucial element for optical signal processing. In this paper, we propose a 4×2 encoder based on two dimensional triangular lattice photonic crystals composed of cylindrical silicon rods. The main structure of the device is a combination of both line defect Y branch and coupler photonic crystal waveguides. The computational simulation is carried out by using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that the proposed all-optical photonic crystal waveguide structure could really function as a 4×2 encoder logic gate. In addition, the distance between coupler photonic crystal waveguides, the length of coupler waveguides and the distance between line defect Y branch waveguide structure are optimized for achieving the optimal performance for the proposed encoder logic gates. This device is potentially applicable for photonic integrated circuits.

The designs of 4×2 encoder based on photonic crystals

The present disclosure relates to a mobile device provided with a camera module that is detachably received in a side of the device body. Particularly, the camera module is hidden inside the device body when not in use and can be drawn out from the side of the device body when in use. Since the camera module is not affixed permanently to the device, the detachable camera module can be used in small confined areas with expanded photo-capturing scope and angle.

Lee Wei-Yu

Papers

All-optical photonic crystal AND gate with multiple operating wavelengths

The designs of XOR logic gates based on photonic crystals

All-optical photonic-crystal encoder capable of operating at multiple wavelengths

The designs of 4×2 encoder based on photonic crystals

Mobile device with side-mounted camera module