자연주의적 탐구조사(Naturalistic Inquiry)

Lincoln, Yvonna, and Egon Guba, "Postpositivism and the Naturalist Paradigm," pp. 14-46 in Yvonna Lincoln and Egon Guba, Naturalistic Inquiry . Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985.*

The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling

The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected health-care workers' psychological and mental health. Few studies have been conducted examining the psychological effect of COVID-19 on health-care worker psychological health in Jordan. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the respective levels of fear, anxiety, depression, stress, social support, and the associated factors, experienced by Jordanian health-care workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This study adopted a cross-sectional, correlational design to collect data from 365 health-care workers in Amman, Jordan, from August 16th to 23rd, 2020. Along with collecting sociodemographic characteristics, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support electronically administered to participants. The majority of the participants (69.3%) were registered nurses. The mean overall score for the Fear of COVID-19 scale was 23.64 (SD + 6.85) which again exceeded the mid-point for the total score range (21), indicating elevated level fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants had displayed extremely severe depression 40%, extremely severe anxiety 60%, and 35% severely distressed. Scores for depression (21.30 ± 10.86), anxiety (20.37 ± 10.80), stress (23.33 ± 10.87) were also high. Factors determined to be associated with psychological distress were being male, married, aged 40 years and older, and having more clinical experience. Assessment of social support indicated moderate-to-high levels of perceived support for all dimensions (significant other: 5.17 ± 1.28, family: 5.03 ± 1.30, friends: 5.05 ± 1.30). Weak significant correlations were found between social support and the other study variables (r < 0.22), indicating a weak association with fear, depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. Overall, Jordanian health-care workers sample reported fear, depression, anxiety, and stress. The associated factors were being male, married, aged 40 years and older, and having more clinical experience. Regarding social support, participants primarily relied on support from their families, followed by support from friends.

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Anxiety, depression, stress, fear and social support during COVID-19 pandemic among Jordanian healthcare workers.

Street-Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services Michael Lipsky New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1980, pp. xviii, 244

When becoming a specialist, learning-through-service plays a significant role. The workplace affords good opportunities for learning, but the service-learning period may also impose stress on phycisians in specialization training. In medical work, social support has proved to be a very important factor in managing stress. Social support may afford advantages also for learning and professional identity building. However, little was known about how social support is perceived by doctors in specialization training. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of physicians in specialization training regarding social support communication in their workplace during their learning-through-service period. The study was conducted qualitatively by inductively analyzing the physicians' descriptions of workplace communication. The dataset included 120 essays, 60 each from hospitals and primary healthcare centres. Physicians in specialization training explained the need of social support with the responsibilities and demands of their clinical work and the inability to control and manage their workloads. They perceived that social support works well for managing stress, but also for strengthening relational ties and one's professional identity. A leader's support was perceived as being effective, and both senior and junior colleagues were described as an important source of social support. Also co-workers, such as the individual nurse partner with whom one works, was mentioned as an important source of social support. The results of this study indicate that social support works at the relational and identity levels, which is due to the multi-functional nature of workplace communication. For example, consultation functions as situational problem-solving, but also the tone of social interaction is meaningful. Thus, strengthening one's professional identity or collegial relationships requires further attention to workplace communication. Abbreviations PiST: Physician in specialization training.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10872981.2018.1435114

Social support in the workplace for physicians in specialization training

Tuen merkitykset potilaan ja hoitajan vuorovaikutuksessa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of management group meetings (MGMs) in hospital organization by examining the social interaction in these meetings. Design/methodology/approach – This case study approaches social interaction from a structuration point of view. Social network analysis and qualitative content analysis are applied. Findings – The findings show that MGMs are mainly forums for information sharing. Meetings are not held for problem solving or decision making, and operational coordinating is limited. Meeting interaction is very much focused on the chair, and most of the discussion takes place between the chair and one other member, not between members. The organizational structures are maintained and reproduced in the meeting interaction, and they appear to limit discussion. Meetings appear to fulfil their goals as a part of the organization’s information structure and to some extent as an instrument for management. The significance of the relational side of MGMs was...

/pdf/social-interaction-in-management-group-meetings-a-case-study-lj5x2b0zl4.pdf

Social interaction in management group meetings: a case study of Finnish hospital.

Work coordination, which here refers to organizing, planning, discussing, and negotiating work, is
done through social interaction. Because coordination is essential to work quality and well-being
at work, it is important to understand the processes that construct work coordination. This study
aims to understand work coordination as a social interaction process by analyzing social interaction
in nursing staff meetings of a Finnish hospital. Observations and approaches of inductive
and descriptive qualitative analysis were used to examine eight sequential nursing staff meetings
that took place in 2012. The results indicate that work coordination consisted of sense-making information,
sense-making action, managing emotions, and managing positions of employees. Work
coordination constructs the social reality of the workplace both on the task level and the relational
level. Understanding that work coordination is not only a task-oriented process that deals with organizing
practical tasks and duties but is also a process of constructing positions and relationships
in work communities helps to identify and understand the possibilities that social interaction and
its practices, such as workplace meetings, offer. The findings can be applied in the organizational
context to evaluate and develop workplace interactions.

/pdf/work-coordination-as-a-social-interaction-process-in-nursing-48vsjlvjdj.pdf

Work Coordination as a Social Interaction Process in Nursing Staff Meetings

This naturalistic study focuses on problem talk (PT) in hospital management group meetings. The study aims to understand how PT constitutes the hospital organization through the different uses of P...

/pdf/problem-talk-in-management-group-meetings-38a3qw5cif.pdf

Leena Mikkola

Papers

Social support in the workplace for physicians in specialization training

Tuen merkitykset potilaan ja hoitajan vuorovaikutuksessa

Social interaction in management group meetings: a case study of Finnish hospital.

Work Coordination as a Social Interaction Process in Nursing Staff Meetings

Problem Talk in Management Group Meetings