PREFACE. ABOUT THE AUTHOR. ACID FUCHSIN. ACRIDINE HOMODIMER. ACRIDINE ORANGE. ALCIAN BLUE 8GX. ALIZARIN. ALIZARIN RED S. ALLURA RED. AMARANTH. 9-AMINO-6-CHLORO-2-METHOXYACRIDINE (ACMA). ANILINE BLUE (METHYL BLUE). AURAMINE O. AZURE A. AZURE B. BAPTA. BAPTA AM. BASIC FUCHSIN. BISMARK BROWN Y. BLUE TETRAZOLIUM (BT). BOBO 1. BOBO 3. BODIPY FL C5-CERAMIDE. BRILLIANT BLUE FCF. BRILLIANT CRESYL BLUE. BRILLIANT GREEN. BSPT. BTC. BTC AM. CALCEIN. CALCEIN AM. CALCEIN BLUE. CALCEIN BLUE AM. CALCIUM GREEN 1. CALCIUM GREEN 2. CALCIUM GREEN 5N. CARMINE. COELENTERAZINE. COELENTERAZINE cp. COELENTERAZINE f. COELENTERAZINE h. COELENTERAZINE hcp. COELENTERAZINE n. CONGO RED. CoroNa GREEN. CoroNa GREEN AM. CoroNa RED. CRESYL VIOLET ACETATE. CRYSTAL VIOLET. CYANOTOLYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE (CTC). DAF FM. DANSYL CADAVERINE. DAPI. DARROW RED. DASPEI. DASPMI. Di-2-ANEPEQ. Di-4-ANEPPS. Di-8-ANEPPS. DiBAC4(3). DiBAC4(5). DiD. DIHYDROETHIDIUM. DIHYDRORHODAMINE 6G. DIHYDRORHODAMINE 123. DiI. DiIC1(5). DiOC2(3). DiOC5(3). DiOC6(3). DiOC7(3). DiSBAC2(3). DiSC3(5). EOSIN B. EOSIN Y. ERYTHROSIN. ETHIDIUM BROMIDE. ETHIDIUM HOMODIMER-1 (EthD-1). ETHIDIUM HOMODIMER-2 (EthD-2). ETHIDIUM MONOAZIDE (EMA). ETHYL EOSIN. FAST GREEN FCF. FLUO 3. FLUO 3 AM. FLUO 4. FLUO 4 AM. FLUOZIN 1. FLUOZIN 2. FLUOZIN 3. FM 4-64. FURA 2. FURA 2 AM. FURA 2FF. GIEMSA STAIN. HEMATOXYLIN. HEXIDIUM IODIDE. HOECHST 33258. HOECHST 33342. HOECHST 34580. INDIGO CARMINE. INDO 1. INDO 1 AM. IODONITRO TETRAZOLIUM (INT). JANUS GREEN B. JC 1. JC 9. JOJO 1. JO-PRO 1. LIGHT GREEN SF YELLOWISH. LOLO 1. LUCIFER YELLOW CH. LUCIFER YELLOW VS. LUCIGENIN. MAG-FURA 2 (FURAPTRA). MAG-FURA 2 AM. MAG-INDO 1. MAG-INDO 1 AM. MAGNESIUM GREEN. MALACHITE GREEN. MALACHITE GREEN OXALATE SALT. MEQ. METHYLENE BLUE. METHYLENE BLUE TRIHYDRATE. METHYLENE VIOLET (METHYLENE VIOLET BERNTHSEN). METHYL GREEN. METHYL ORANGE (ORANGE III). METHYLTHIAZOLETETRAZOLIUM (MTT). METHYL VIOLET 2B (METHYL VIOLET). MONOBROMOBIMANE (mBBr). MQAE. NBD C6-CERAMIDE. NBD METHYLHYDRAZINE. NEOTETRAZOLIUM (NT). NEUTRAL RED. NEWPORT GREEN DCF. NEWPORT GREEN PDX. NIGROSIN. NILE BLUE A. NITRO BLUE TETRAZOLIUM (NBT). NONYL-ACRIDINE ORANGE (NAO). NUCLEAR YELLOW. OIL RED O. ORANGE II (TROPAEOLIN OOO). ORANGE G. ORCEIN. OXONOL V. OXONOL VI. PARAROSANILINE HYDROCHLORIDE. PBFI. PBFI AM. PHEN GREEN SK. PHLOXINE B. PONCEAU SX. POPO 1. POPO 3. PO-PRO 1. PO-PRO 3. PROPIDIUM IODIDE. PYRONIN B. PYRONIN Y. QSY 7 CARBOXYLIC ACID, SUCCINIMIDYL ESTER. QSY 9 CARBOXYLIC ACID, SUCCINIMIDYL ESTER. QSY 21 CARBOXYLIC ACID, SUCCINIMIDYL ESTER. QUIN 2. QUIN 2 AM. REDOXSENSOR RED CC-1. RESAZURIN SODIUM SALT. RH 237. RH 414. RH 421. RH 795. RHODAMINE 6G. RHODAMINE 123. RHODZIN 3. ROSE BENGAL. SAFRANIN O. SBFI. SBFI AM. SPQ. STAINS-ALL. STILBENE ISOTHIOCYANATE SULFONIC ACID (SITS). SUDAN BLACK B. SUDAN III. SUDAN IV. SUNSET YELLOW FCF. TARTRAZINE. TETRANITRO BLUE TETRAZOLIUM (TNBT). TETRAZOLIUM VIOLET (TV). THIONIN. TMRE. TMRM. TOLUIDINE BLUE O. TO-PRO 1. TO-PRO 3. TO-PRO 5. TOTO 1. TOTO 3. TRIPHENYL TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE (TTC). TSQ. XTT. YO-PRO 1. YO-PRO 3. YOYO 1. YOYO 3. ZINQUIN. ZINQUIN ESTER. APPENDIX A INDEX OF CAS REGISTRY NUMBERS. APPENDIX B INDEX OF BIOLOGICAL DYES/STAINS (CERTIFIED BYBIOLOGICAL STAIN COMMISSION). APPENDIX C INDEX OF FD&C DYES (APPROVED BY FOOD & DRUGADMINISTRATION). APPENDIX D INDEX OF METAL INDICATORS. APPENDIX E INDEX OF NUCLEIC ACID STAINS. APPENDIX F INDEX OF ORGANELLE PROBES. APPENDIX G INDEX OF pH INDICATORS.

http://chemistry-chemists.com/chemister/Spravochniki/handbook-of-biological-dyes-and-stains-2010.pdf

Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications

Highly ordered acid functionalized SBA-15: a novel organocatalyst for the preparation of xanthenes.

Synthesis, structural, DFT studies, docking and antibacterial activity of a xanthene based hydrazone ligand

ZrOCl2·8H2O has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthenes from aldehydes and 5,5-dimethylcyclohexane-1,3-dione under solvent-free conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ZrOCl2·8H2O: a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions

Highly efficient and recyclable heterogeneous organocatalysts containing acidic functional groups such as CO2H and SO3H have been synthesized by post-synthesis modification of 2D-hexagonal mesoporous silica materials SBA-15 and MCM-41, respectively. The CO2H functionalized material is obtained via Schiff-base condensation of 3-aminopropyl grafted SBA-15 with 4-formylbenzoic acid, whereas SO3H functionalized material is prepared via partial oxidation of 3-mercaptopropyl grafted MCM-41 with dilute aqueous H2O2. These functionalized mesoporous materials have been thoroughly characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), nitrogen adsorption/desorption studies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Both these materials have highly ordered 2D-hexagonal mesoporous structures with high surface areas and well-defined pore sizes. These acid functionalized materials have been used as heterogeneous catalysts for the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with 2-napthol under mild conditions in the presence or absence of a solvent affording high yields of the value added xanthenes.

Functionalized mesoporous materials as efficient organocatalysts for the syntheses of xanthenes

We assessed the phototoxicity of a series of xanthene derivatives against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. cerevisiae, measured the physicochemical properties of the photosensitizers, and found the relationship between them. Without illumination, the dyes tested showed almost the same level of inherent toxicity to the same organism, which showed the inherent toxicity of dyes was primarily dependent on the structure of parent molecule. Upon illumination, the photosensitizers showed obvious phototoxicity to all organisms. The dyes showed stronger phototoxicity to Gram-positive bacteria. With the increasing number of halogen substituents, the singlet oxygen yields increased and the phototoxic activity increased too. There was no obvious correlation between relative lipophilicity and activity in the current study. Our results showed xanthenes had the potential to act as alternatives to conventional antimicrobial compounds and also could be used for the decontamination of microbially polluted waters.

Lei Lu

Papers

The Phototoxicity of Xanthene Derivatives Against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus , and Saccharomyces cerevisiae