Showing papers by "Lei Wang published in 1988"

Energy levels and symmetries of palladium centers in silicon

Abstract: With deep-level-transient spectroscopy (DLTS), we detected three palladium-related levels, ${E}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0.18$ eV, ${E}_{c}\ensuremath{-}0.22$ eV, and ${E}_{v}+0.33$ eV [referred to as $E(0.18)$, $E(0.22)$, and $H(0.33)$, respectively] in $n$- and $p$-type silicon. It was revealed by quenching and annealing experiments that the three levels belong to different palladium centers. The mutual transformation between the $E(0.18)$ and $E(0.22)$ centers was studied. Applying uniaxial stress to samples in the DLTS measurements, we studied the symmetries of the three palladium centers, and concluded that the $H(0.33)$ and $E(0.22)$ centers most probably have ${T}_{d}$ symmetry while the $E(0.18)$ center has ${C}_{2v}$ symmetry. The latter is most likely the negative palladium center with ${C}_{2v}$ symmetry observed by Woodbury and Ludwig Phys. Rev. 126 466 1962 with electron paramagnetic resonance in $n$-type silicon. The microstructures of the $E(0.18)$ and $E(0.22)$ centers were considered to be a palladium atom with closed $4d$ shell occupying an off-center position and an on-center one, respectively, in a vacancy.