Oral insulin formulations and processes for preparing oral insulin formulations are provided.

Formulations for delivering insulin

An animal collagen or gelating based crumble, and processes for the preparation of the particluate crumble, are useful in the preparation of collagen or gelatin based compositions. The crumble is prepared by extracting animal collagen from an animal tissue source and combining the collagen with sufficient water to form a composition comprising about 15-45 wt. % animal collagen and about 0.01-5 wt. % of a stabilizer or preservative. Such a combination of materials can be solidified and then processed into a large particulate format. The large particulate comprises a regular or amorphous shaped, roughly crumbled or roughly divided, crumble product. The typical particle size of a majority of the crumble is about 0.2-5 cm. The crumble is easily manufactured, packaged, stored, handled and distributed. The crumble can be easily used as is. The material melts easily into a use locus. The crumble is also particularly adapted to a use in combination with an aqueous diluent to form an aqueous animal collagen or gelatin solution that have a variety of uses. The aqueous solution of the crumble can be made with minimal heating to dissolve the crumble in the aqueous liquid.

Collagen or gelatin crumble composition and uses

The optimum conditions for the production of food grade gelatin from the tannery bovine hide wastes are established. The process involves cutting the hide wastes into small pieces (1-2 cm 2 ), and washing them with water to remove the dirt. The washed pieces are placed in the liming tank containing 10% of lime in water with stirring for five weeks. After washing with water to remove the lime, the collagen is neutralized to pH 7 with hydrochloric acid. The extraction is carried out in four stages using hot water. The gelatin extracts are filtered, subjected to deionization and concentrated with vacuum evaporator up to 20-35 wt%. The gelatin is then dried by two types of dryers (tray dryer and spray dryer). Box-Wilson method is adopted to obtain a relationship between the three variables (temperature, time and pH) and gelatin yield in the first stage of extraction and two variables (temperature and time) and the gelatin yield in the other third stages of extraction process. The experimental data were fitted to second order polynomial models for all stages. The most favorable operating conditions for the extraction of gelatin are:

https://uotechnology.edu.iq/tec_magaz/volume262008/no2/researches/11.pdf

Optimization of Production of Food Grade Gelatin from Bovine Hide Wastes

The invention relates to the manufacture of gelatin, whereby the gelatin is obtained from fresh derms removed from scraps of hides, sinews and tendons within the three hours following the slaughter of the animal; these materials are collected together and washed in cold water then in a solution of dilute sodium hydroxide, subjected to a mechanical separation of fibres until they are reduced to paste, they are then washed several times in cold water in order to eliminate the albumin of the blood, the paste thus washed and rinsed is filtered by pressing until a cake is obtained which is formed of pure collagen; said latter may be stored after dehydration for an indefinite length of time; it may then be subjected to the final cooking, producing a gelatin broth subjected to gelling on a conveyor belt circulating in a chamber maintained at 5° C. and associated with a drying chamber provided with a blower and in which the film of gelatin is conveyed on conveyor belts, the film being wound on a reel on leaving the drying chamber.

Leon Oudem

Papers

Process for obtaining gelatin